NEMR3Native-win.cpp@ 80191

最後變更在這個檔案從80191是 80191,由 vboxsync 提交於 6 年前
VMM/r3: Refactored VMCPU enumeration in preparation that aCpus will be replaced with a pointer array. Removed two raw-mode offset members from the CPUM and CPUMCPU sub-structures. bugref:9217 bugref:9517
屬性 svn:eol-style 設為 `native` 屬性 svn:keywords 設為 `Author Date Id Revision`
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1	/* $Id: NEMR3Native-win.cpp 80191 2019-08-08 00:36:57Z vboxsync $ */
2	/** @file
3	* NEM - Native execution manager, native ring-3 Windows backend.
4	*
5	* Log group 2: Exit logging.
6	* Log group 3: Log context on exit.
7	* Log group 5: Ring-3 memory management
8	* Log group 6: Ring-0 memory management
9	* Log group 12: API intercepts.
10	*/
11
12	/*
13	* Copyright (C) 2018-2019 Oracle Corporation
14	*
15	* This file is part of VirtualBox Open Source Edition (OSE), as
16	* available from http://www.alldomusa.eu.org. This file is free software;
17	* you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU
18	* General Public License (GPL) as published by the Free Software
19	* Foundation, in version 2 as it comes in the "COPYING" file of the
20	* VirtualBox OSE distribution. VirtualBox OSE is distributed in the
21	* hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any kind.
22	*/
23
24
25	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
26	* Header Files *
27	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
28	#define VBOX_BUGREF_9217_PART_I
29	#define LOG_GROUP LOG_GROUP_NEM
30	#define VMCPU_INCL_CPUM_GST_CTX
31	#include <iprt/nt/nt-and-windows.h>
32	#include <iprt/nt/hyperv.h>
33	#include <iprt/nt/vid.h>
34	#include <WinHvPlatform.h>
35
36	#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10
37	# error "Missing _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10"
38	#endif
39	#ifndef _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10_RS1 /* Missing define, causing trouble for us. */
40	# define _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10_RS1 (_WIN32_WINNT_WIN10 + 1)
41	#endif
42	#include <sysinfoapi.h>
43	#include <debugapi.h>
44	#include <errhandlingapi.h>
45	#include <fileapi.h>
46	#include <winerror.h> /* no api header for this. */
47
48	#include <VBox/vmm/nem.h>
49	#include <VBox/vmm/iem.h>
50	#include <VBox/vmm/em.h>
51	#include <VBox/vmm/apic.h>
52	#include <VBox/vmm/pdm.h>
53	#include <VBox/vmm/dbgftrace.h>
54	#include "NEMInternal.h"
55	#include <VBox/vmm/vm.h>
56
57	#include <iprt/ldr.h>
58	#include <iprt/path.h>
59	#include <iprt/string.h>
60	#include <iprt/system.h>
61	#include <iprt/utf16.h>
62
63
64	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
65	* Defined Constants And Macros *
66	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
67	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
68	# define NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS
69	#endif
70
71	/** VID I/O control detection: Fake partition handle input. */
72	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE ((HANDLE)(uintptr_t)38479125)
73	/** VID I/O control detection: Fake partition ID return. */
74	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_ID UINT64_C(0xfa1e000042424242)
75	/** VID I/O control detection: Fake CPU index input. */
76	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX UINT32_C(42)
77	/** VID I/O control detection: Fake timeout input. */
78	#define NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_TIMEOUT UINT32_C(0x00080286)
79
80
81	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
82	* Global Variables *
83	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
84	/** @name APIs imported from WinHvPlatform.dll
85	* @{ */
86	static decltype(WHvGetCapability) * g_pfnWHvGetCapability;
87	static decltype(WHvCreatePartition) * g_pfnWHvCreatePartition;
88	static decltype(WHvSetupPartition) * g_pfnWHvSetupPartition;
89	static decltype(WHvDeletePartition) * g_pfnWHvDeletePartition;
90	static decltype(WHvGetPartitionProperty) * g_pfnWHvGetPartitionProperty;
91	static decltype(WHvSetPartitionProperty) * g_pfnWHvSetPartitionProperty;
92	static decltype(WHvMapGpaRange) * g_pfnWHvMapGpaRange;
93	static decltype(WHvUnmapGpaRange) * g_pfnWHvUnmapGpaRange;
94	static decltype(WHvTranslateGva) * g_pfnWHvTranslateGva;
95	#ifndef NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API
96	static decltype(WHvCreateVirtualProcessor) * g_pfnWHvCreateVirtualProcessor;
97	static decltype(WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor) * g_pfnWHvDeleteVirtualProcessor;
98	static decltype(WHvRunVirtualProcessor) * g_pfnWHvRunVirtualProcessor;
99	static decltype(WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor) * g_pfnWHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor;
100	static decltype(WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters) * g_pfnWHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters;
101	static decltype(WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters) * g_pfnWHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters;
102	#endif
103	/** @} */
104
105	/** @name APIs imported from Vid.dll
106	* @{ */
107	static decltype(VidGetHvPartitionId) *g_pfnVidGetHvPartitionId;
108	static decltype(VidStartVirtualProcessor) *g_pfnVidStartVirtualProcessor;
109	static decltype(VidStopVirtualProcessor) *g_pfnVidStopVirtualProcessor;
110	static decltype(VidMessageSlotMap) *g_pfnVidMessageSlotMap;
111	static decltype(VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext) *g_pfnVidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext;
112	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
113	static decltype(VidGetVirtualProcessorState) *g_pfnVidGetVirtualProcessorState;
114	static decltype(VidSetVirtualProcessorState) *g_pfnVidSetVirtualProcessorState;
115	static decltype(VidGetVirtualProcessorRunningStatus) *g_pfnVidGetVirtualProcessorRunningStatus;
116	#endif
117	/** @} */
118
119	/** The Windows build number. */
120	static uint32_t g_uBuildNo = 17134;
121
122
123
124	/**
125	* Import instructions.
126	*/
127	static const struct
128	{
129	uint8_t idxDll; /*< 0 for WinHvPlatform.dll, 1 for vid.dll. /
130	bool fOptional; /*< Set if import is optional. /
131	PFNRT ppfn; /< The function pointer variable. /
132	const char pszName; /< The function name. /
133	} g_aImports[] =
134	{
135	#define NEM_WIN_IMPORT(a_idxDll, a_fOptional, a_Name) { (a_idxDll), (a_fOptional), (PFNRT *)&RT_CONCAT(g_pfn,a_Name), #a_Name }
136	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvGetCapability),
137	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvCreatePartition),
138	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvSetupPartition),
139	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvDeletePartition),
140	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvGetPartitionProperty),
141	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvSetPartitionProperty),
142	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvMapGpaRange),
143	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvUnmapGpaRange),
144	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvTranslateGva),
145	#ifndef NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API
146	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvCreateVirtualProcessor),
147	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor),
148	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvRunVirtualProcessor),
149	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor),
150	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters),
151	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(0, false, WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters),
152	#endif
153	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidGetHvPartitionId),
154	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidMessageSlotMap),
155	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext),
156	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidStartVirtualProcessor),
157	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidStopVirtualProcessor),
158	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
159	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidGetVirtualProcessorState),
160	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidSetVirtualProcessorState),
161	NEM_WIN_IMPORT(1, false, VidGetVirtualProcessorRunningStatus),
162	#endif
163	#undef NEM_WIN_IMPORT
164	};
165
166
167	/** The real NtDeviceIoControlFile API in NTDLL. */
168	static decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) *g_pfnNtDeviceIoControlFile;
169	/** Pointer to the NtDeviceIoControlFile import table entry. */
170	static decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) **g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile;
171	/** Info about the VidGetHvPartitionId I/O control interface. */
172	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId;
173	/** Info about the VidStartVirtualProcessor I/O control interface. */
174	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor;
175	/** Info about the VidStopVirtualProcessor I/O control interface. */
176	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor;
177	/** Info about the VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext I/O control interface. */
178	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext;
179	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
180	/** Info about the VidMessageSlotMap I/O control interface - for logging. */
181	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlMessageSlotMap;
182	/* Info about the VidGetVirtualProcessorState I/O control interface - for logging. */
183	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlGetVirtualProcessorState;
184	/* Info about the VidSetVirtualProcessorState I/O control interface - for logging. */
185	static NEMWINIOCTL g_IoCtlSetVirtualProcessorState;
186	/** Pointer to what nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging should fill in. */
187	static NEMWINIOCTL *g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging;
188	#endif
189
190	#ifdef NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS
191	/** Mapping slot for CPU #0.
192	* @{ */
193	static VID_MESSAGE_MAPPING_HEADER *g_pMsgSlotMapping = NULL;
194	static const HV_MESSAGE_HEADER *g_pHvMsgHdr;
195	static const HV_X64_INTERCEPT_MESSAGE_HEADER *g_pX64MsgHdr;
196	/** @} */
197	#endif
198
199
200	/*
201	* Let the preprocessor alias the APIs to import variables for better autocompletion.
202	*/
203	#ifndef IN_SLICKEDIT
204	# define WHvGetCapability g_pfnWHvGetCapability
205	# define WHvCreatePartition g_pfnWHvCreatePartition
206	# define WHvSetupPartition g_pfnWHvSetupPartition
207	# define WHvDeletePartition g_pfnWHvDeletePartition
208	# define WHvGetPartitionProperty g_pfnWHvGetPartitionProperty
209	# define WHvSetPartitionProperty g_pfnWHvSetPartitionProperty
210	# define WHvMapGpaRange g_pfnWHvMapGpaRange
211	# define WHvUnmapGpaRange g_pfnWHvUnmapGpaRange
212	# define WHvTranslateGva g_pfnWHvTranslateGva
213	# define WHvCreateVirtualProcessor g_pfnWHvCreateVirtualProcessor
214	# define WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor g_pfnWHvDeleteVirtualProcessor
215	# define WHvRunVirtualProcessor g_pfnWHvRunVirtualProcessor
216	# define WHvGetRunExitContextSize g_pfnWHvGetRunExitContextSize
217	# define WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor g_pfnWHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor
218	# define WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters g_pfnWHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters
219	# define WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters g_pfnWHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters
220
221	# define VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext g_pfnVidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext
222	# define VidStartVirtualProcessor g_pfnVidStartVirtualProcessor
223	# define VidStopVirtualProcessor g_pfnVidStopVirtualProcessor
224
225	#endif
226
227	/** WHV_MEMORY_ACCESS_TYPE names */
228	static const char * const g_apszWHvMemAccesstypes[4] = { "read", "write", "exec", "!undefined!" };
229
230
231	/*********************************************************************************************************************************
232	* Internal Functions *
233	*********************************************************************************************************************************/
234
235	/*
236	* Instantate the code we share with ring-0.
237	*/
238	#ifdef NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API
239	# define NEM_WIN_TEMPLATE_MODE_OWN_RUN_API
240	#else
241	# undef NEM_WIN_TEMPLATE_MODE_OWN_RUN_API
242	#endif
243	#include "../VMMAll/NEMAllNativeTemplate-win.cpp.h"
244
245
246
247	#ifdef NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS
248	/**
249	* Wrapper that logs the call from VID.DLL.
250	*
251	* This is very handy for figuring out why an API call fails.
252	*/
253	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
254	nemR3WinLogWrapper_NtDeviceIoControlFile(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
255	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
256	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
257	{
258
259	char szFunction[32];
260	const char *pszFunction;
261	if (uFunction == g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction)
262	pszFunction = "VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext";
263	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.uFunction)
264	pszFunction = "VidStartVirtualProcessor";
265	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction)
266	pszFunction = "VidStopVirtualProcessor";
267	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlMessageSlotMap.uFunction)
268	pszFunction = "VidMessageSlotMap";
269	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlGetVirtualProcessorState.uFunction)
270	pszFunction = "VidGetVirtualProcessorState";
271	else if (uFunction == g_IoCtlSetVirtualProcessorState.uFunction)
272	pszFunction = "VidSetVirtualProcessorState";
273	else
274	{
275	RTStrPrintf(szFunction, sizeof(szFunction), "%#x", uFunction);
276	pszFunction = szFunction;
277	}
278
279	if (cbInput > 0 && pvInput)
280	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: %s/input: %.*Rhxs\n", pszFunction, RT_MIN(cbInput, 32), pvInput));
281	NTSTATUS rcNt = g_pfnNtDeviceIoControlFile(hFile, hEvt, pfnApcCallback, pvApcCtx, pIos, uFunction,
282	pvInput, cbInput, pvOutput, cbOutput);
283	if (!hEvt && !pfnApcCallback && !pvApcCtx)
284	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: hFile=%#zx pIos=%p->{s:%#x, i:%#zx} uFunction=%s Input=%p LB %#x Output=%p LB %#x) -> %#x; Caller=%p\n",
285	hFile, pIos, pIos->Status, pIos->Information, pszFunction, pvInput, cbInput, pvOutput, cbOutput, rcNt, ASMReturnAddress()));
286	else
287	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: hFile=%#zx hEvt=%#zx Apc=%p/%p pIos=%p->{s:%#x, i:%#zx} uFunction=%s Input=%p LB %#x Output=%p LB %#x) -> %#x; Caller=%p\n",
288	hFile, hEvt, pfnApcCallback, pvApcCtx, pIos, pIos->Status, pIos->Information, pszFunction,
289	pvInput, cbInput, pvOutput, cbOutput, rcNt, ASMReturnAddress()));
290	if (cbOutput > 0 && pvOutput)
291	{
292	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: %s/output: %.*Rhxs\n", pszFunction, RT_MIN(cbOutput, 32), pvOutput));
293	if (uFunction == 0x2210cc && g_pMsgSlotMapping == NULL && cbOutput >= sizeof(void *))
294	{
295	g_pMsgSlotMapping = (VID_MESSAGE_MAPPING_HEADER *)pvOutput;
296	g_pHvMsgHdr = (const HV_MESSAGE_HEADER *)(g_pMsgSlotMapping + 1);
297	g_pX64MsgHdr = (const HV_X64_INTERCEPT_MESSAGE_HEADER *)(g_pHvMsgHdr + 1);
298	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: Message slot mapping: %p\n", g_pMsgSlotMapping));
299	}
300	}
301	if ( g_pMsgSlotMapping
302	&& ( uFunction == g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction
303	\|\| uFunction == g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction
304	\|\| uFunction == g_IoCtlMessageSlotMap.uFunction
305	))
306	Log12(("VID!NtDeviceIoControlFile: enmVidMsgType=%#x cb=%#x msg=%#x payload=%u cs:rip=%04x:%08RX64 (%s)\n",
307	g_pMsgSlotMapping->enmVidMsgType, g_pMsgSlotMapping->cbMessage,
308	g_pHvMsgHdr->MessageType, g_pHvMsgHdr->PayloadSize,
309	g_pX64MsgHdr->CsSegment.Selector, g_pX64MsgHdr->Rip, pszFunction));
310
311	return rcNt;
312	}
313	#endif /* NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS */
314
315
316	/**
317	* Patches the call table of VID.DLL so we can intercept NtDeviceIoControlFile.
318	*
319	* This is for used to figure out the I/O control codes and in logging builds
320	* for logging API calls that WinHvPlatform.dll does.
321	*
322	* @returns VBox status code.
323	* @param hLdrModVid The VID module handle.
324	* @param pErrInfo Where to return additional error information.
325	*/
326	static int nemR3WinInitVidIntercepts(RTLDRMOD hLdrModVid, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
327	{
328	/*
329	* Locate the real API.
330	*/
331	g_pfnNtDeviceIoControlFile = (decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) *)RTLdrGetSystemSymbol("NTDLL.DLL", "NtDeviceIoControlFile");
332	AssertReturn(g_pfnNtDeviceIoControlFile != NULL,
333	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Failed to resolve NtDeviceIoControlFile from NTDLL.DLL"));
334
335	/*
336	* Locate the PE header and get what we need from it.
337	*/
338	uint8_t const pbImage = (uint8_t const )RTLdrGetNativeHandle(hLdrModVid);
339	IMAGE_DOS_HEADER const pMzHdr = (IMAGE_DOS_HEADER const )pbImage;
340	AssertReturn(pMzHdr->e_magic == IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE,
341	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL mapping doesn't start with MZ signature: %#x", pMzHdr->e_magic));
342	IMAGE_NT_HEADERS const pNtHdrs = (IMAGE_NT_HEADERS const )&pbImage[pMzHdr->e_lfanew];
343	AssertReturn(pNtHdrs->Signature == IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE,
344	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL has invalid PE signaturre: %#x @%#x",
345	pNtHdrs->Signature, pMzHdr->e_lfanew));
346
347	uint32_t const cbImage = pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage;
348	IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY const ImportDir = pNtHdrs->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT];
349
350	/*
351	* Walk the import descriptor table looking for NTDLL.DLL.
352	*/
353	AssertReturn( ImportDir.Size > 0
354	&& ImportDir.Size < cbImage,
355	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad import directory size: %#x", ImportDir.Size));
356	AssertReturn( ImportDir.VirtualAddress > 0
357	&& ImportDir.VirtualAddress <= cbImage - ImportDir.Size,
358	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad import directory RVA: %#x", ImportDir.VirtualAddress));
359
360	for (PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR pImps = (PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR)&pbImage[ImportDir.VirtualAddress];
361	pImps->Name != 0 && pImps->FirstThunk != 0;
362	pImps++)
363	{
364	AssertReturn(pImps->Name < cbImage,
365	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad import directory entry name: %#x", pImps->Name));
366	const char pszModName = (const char )&pbImage[pImps->Name];
367	if (RTStrICmpAscii(pszModName, "ntdll.dll"))
368	continue;
369	AssertReturn(pImps->FirstThunk < cbImage,
370	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad FirstThunk: %#x", pImps->FirstThunk));
371	AssertReturn(pImps->OriginalFirstThunk < cbImage,
372	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad FirstThunk: %#x", pImps->FirstThunk));
373
374	/*
375	* Walk the thunks table(s) looking for NtDeviceIoControlFile.
376	*/
377	PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA pFirstThunk = (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)&pbImage[pImps->FirstThunk]; /* update this. */
378	PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA pThunk = pImps->OriginalFirstThunk == 0 /* read from this. */
379	? (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)&pbImage[pImps->FirstThunk]
380	: (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)&pbImage[pImps->OriginalFirstThunk];
381	while (pThunk->u1.Ordinal != 0)
382	{
383	if (!(pThunk->u1.Ordinal & IMAGE_ORDINAL_FLAG32))
384	{
385	AssertReturn(pThunk->u1.Ordinal > 0 && pThunk->u1.Ordinal < cbImage,
386	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "VID.DLL bad FirstThunk: %#x", pImps->FirstThunk));
387
388	const char pszSymbol = (const char )&pbImage[(uintptr_t)pThunk->u1.AddressOfData + 2];
389	if (strcmp(pszSymbol, "NtDeviceIoControlFile") == 0)
390	{
391	DWORD fOldProt = PAGE_READONLY;
392	VirtualProtect(&pFirstThunk->u1.Function, sizeof(uintptr_t), PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &fOldProt);
393	g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = (decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) **)&pFirstThunk->u1.Function;
394	/* Don't restore the protection here, so we modify the NtDeviceIoControlFile pointer later. */
395	}
396	}
397
398	pThunk++;
399	pFirstThunk++;
400	}
401	}
402
403	if (*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile)
404	{
405	#ifdef NEM_WIN_INTERCEPT_NT_IO_CTLS
406	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinLogWrapper_NtDeviceIoControlFile;
407	#endif
408	return VINF_SUCCESS;
409	}
410	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Failed to patch NtDeviceIoControlFile import in VID.DLL!");
411	}
412
413
414	/**
415	* Worker for nemR3NativeInit that probes and load the native API.
416	*
417	* @returns VBox status code.
418	* @param fForced Whether the HMForced flag is set and we should
419	* fail if we cannot initialize.
420	* @param pErrInfo Where to always return error info.
421	*/
422	static int nemR3WinInitProbeAndLoad(bool fForced, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
423	{
424	/*
425	* Check that the DLL files we need are present, but without loading them.
426	* We'd like to avoid loading them unnecessarily.
427	*/
428	WCHAR wszPath[MAX_PATH + 64];
429	UINT cwcPath = GetSystemDirectoryW(wszPath, MAX_PATH);
430	if (cwcPath >= MAX_PATH \|\| cwcPath < 2)
431	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "GetSystemDirectoryW failed (%#x / %u)", cwcPath, GetLastError());
432
433	if (wszPath[cwcPath - 1] != '\\' \|\| wszPath[cwcPath - 1] != '/')
434	wszPath[cwcPath++] = '\\';
435	RTUtf16CopyAscii(&wszPath[cwcPath], RT_ELEMENTS(wszPath) - cwcPath, "WinHvPlatform.dll");
436	if (GetFileAttributesW(wszPath) == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
437	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "The native API dll was not found (%ls)", wszPath);
438
439	/*
440	* Check that we're in a VM and that the hypervisor identifies itself as Hyper-V.
441	*/
442	if (!ASMHasCpuId())
443	return RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "No CPUID support");
444	if (!ASMIsValidStdRange(ASMCpuId_EAX(0)))
445	return RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "No CPUID leaf #1");
446	if (!(ASMCpuId_ECX(1) & X86_CPUID_FEATURE_ECX_HVP))
447	return RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "Not in a hypervisor partition (HVP=0)");
448
449	uint32_t cMaxHyperLeaf = 0;
450	uint32_t uEbx = 0;
451	uint32_t uEcx = 0;
452	uint32_t uEdx = 0;
453	ASMCpuIdExSlow(0x40000000, 0, 0, 0, &cMaxHyperLeaf, &uEbx, &uEcx, &uEdx);
454	if (!ASMIsValidHypervisorRange(cMaxHyperLeaf))
455	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "Invalid hypervisor CPUID range (%#x %#x %#x %#x)",
456	cMaxHyperLeaf, uEbx, uEcx, uEdx);
457	if ( uEbx != UINT32_C(0x7263694d) /* Micr */
458	\|\| uEcx != UINT32_C(0x666f736f) /* osof */
459	\|\| uEdx != UINT32_C(0x76482074) /* t Hv */)
460	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE,
461	"Not Hyper-V CPUID signature: %#x %#x %#x (expected %#x %#x %#x)",
462	uEbx, uEcx, uEdx, UINT32_C(0x7263694d), UINT32_C(0x666f736f), UINT32_C(0x76482074));
463	if (cMaxHyperLeaf < UINT32_C(0x40000005))
464	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "Too narrow hypervisor CPUID range (%#x)", cMaxHyperLeaf);
465
466	/** @todo would be great if we could recognize a root partition from the
467	* CPUID info, but I currently don't dare do that. */
468
469	/*
470	* Now try load the DLLs and resolve the APIs.
471	*/
472	static const char * const s_apszDllNames[2] = { "WinHvPlatform.dll", "vid.dll" };
473	RTLDRMOD ahMods[2] = { NIL_RTLDRMOD, NIL_RTLDRMOD };
474	int rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
475	for (unsigned i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(s_apszDllNames); i++)
476	{
477	int rc2 = RTLdrLoadSystem(s_apszDllNames[i], true /fNoUnload/, &ahMods[i]);
478	if (RT_FAILURE(rc2))
479	{
480	if (!RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo))
481	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, rc2, "Failed to load API DLL: %s: %Rrc", s_apszDllNames[i], rc2);
482	else
483	RTErrInfoAddF(pErrInfo, rc2, "; %s: %Rrc", s_apszDllNames[i], rc2);
484	ahMods[i] = NIL_RTLDRMOD;
485	rc = VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED;
486	}
487	}
488	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
489	rc = nemR3WinInitVidIntercepts(ahMods[1], pErrInfo);
490	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
491	{
492	for (unsigned i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(g_aImports); i++)
493	{
494	int rc2 = RTLdrGetSymbol(ahMods[g_aImports[i].idxDll], g_aImports[i].pszName, (void **)g_aImports[i].ppfn);
495	if (RT_FAILURE(rc2))
496	{
497	*g_aImports[i].ppfn = NULL;
498
499	LogRel(("NEM: %s: Failed to import %s!%s: %Rrc",
500	g_aImports[i].fOptional ? "info" : fForced ? "fatal" : "error",
501	s_apszDllNames[g_aImports[i].idxDll], g_aImports[i].pszName, rc2));
502	if (!g_aImports[i].fOptional)
503	{
504	if (RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo))
505	RTErrInfoAddF(pErrInfo, rc2, ", %s!%s",
506	s_apszDllNames[g_aImports[i].idxDll], g_aImports[i].pszName);
507	else
508	rc = RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, rc2, "Failed to import: %s!%s",
509	s_apszDllNames[g_aImports[i].idxDll], g_aImports[i].pszName);
510	Assert(RT_FAILURE(rc));
511	}
512	}
513	}
514	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
515	{
516	Assert(!RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo));
517	}
518	}
519
520	for (unsigned i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(ahMods); i++)
521	RTLdrClose(ahMods[i]);
522	return rc;
523	}
524
525
526	/**
527	* Wrapper for different WHvGetCapability signatures.
528	*/
529	DECLINLINE(HRESULT) WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHV_CAPABILITY_CODE enmCap, WHV_CAPABILITY *pOutput, uint32_t cbOutput)
530	{
531	return g_pfnWHvGetCapability(enmCap, pOutput, cbOutput, NULL);
532	}
533
534
535	/**
536	* Worker for nemR3NativeInit that gets the hypervisor capabilities.
537	*
538	* @returns VBox status code.
539	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
540	* @param pErrInfo Where to always return error info.
541	*/
542	static int nemR3WinInitCheckCapabilities(PVM pVM, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
543	{
544	#define NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX(a_szField, a_szFmt, a_Value) LogRel(("NEM: %-38s= " a_szFmt "\n", a_szField, a_Value))
545	#define NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB_EX(a_szField, a_szFmt, a_Value) LogRel(("NEM: %36s: " a_szFmt "\n", a_szField, a_Value))
546	#define NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB(a_szField, a_Value) NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB_EX(a_szField, "%d", a_Value)
547
548	/*
549	* Is the hypervisor present with the desired capability?
550	*
551	* In build 17083 this translates into:
552	* - CPUID[0x00000001].HVP is set
553	* - CPUID[0x40000000] == "Microsoft Hv"
554	* - CPUID[0x40000001].eax == "Hv#1"
555	* - CPUID[0x40000003].ebx[12] is set.
556	* - VidGetExoPartitionProperty(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, 0x60000, &Ignored) returns
557	* a non-zero value.
558	*/
559	/**
560	* @todo Someone at Microsoft please explain weird API design:
561	* 1. Pointless CapabilityCode duplication int the output;
562	* 2. No output size.
563	*/
564	WHV_CAPABILITY Caps;
565	RT_ZERO(Caps);
566	SetLastError(0);
567	HRESULT hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
568	DWORD rcWin = GetLastError();
569	if (FAILED(hrc))
570	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
571	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
572	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
573	if (!Caps.HypervisorPresent)
574	{
575	if (!RTPathExists(RTPATH_NT_PASSTHRU_PREFIX "Device\\VidExo"))
576	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE,
577	"WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent is FALSE! Make sure you have enabled the 'Windows Hypervisor Platform' feature.");
578	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE, "WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent is FALSE! (%u)", rcWin);
579	}
580	LogRel(("NEM: WHvCapabilityCodeHypervisorPresent is TRUE, so this might work...\n"));
581
582
583	/*
584	* Check what extended VM exits are supported.
585	*/
586	RT_ZERO(Caps);
587	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeExtendedVmExits, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
588	if (FAILED(hrc))
589	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
590	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeExtendedVmExits failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
591	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
592	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeExtendedVmExits", "%'#018RX64", Caps.ExtendedVmExits.AsUINT64);
593	pVM->nem.s.fExtendedMsrExit = RT_BOOL(Caps.ExtendedVmExits.X64MsrExit);
594	pVM->nem.s.fExtendedCpuIdExit = RT_BOOL(Caps.ExtendedVmExits.X64CpuidExit);
595	pVM->nem.s.fExtendedXcptExit = RT_BOOL(Caps.ExtendedVmExits.ExceptionExit);
596	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB("fExtendedMsrExit", pVM->nem.s.fExtendedMsrExit);
597	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB("fExtendedCpuIdExit", pVM->nem.s.fExtendedCpuIdExit);
598	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB("fExtendedXcptExit", pVM->nem.s.fExtendedXcptExit);
599	if (Caps.ExtendedVmExits.AsUINT64 & ~(uint64_t)7)
600	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! Unknown VM exit definitions: %#RX64\n", Caps.ExtendedVmExits.AsUINT64));
601	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_EXTENDED_VM_EXITS typedef. */
602
603	/*
604	* Check features in case they end up defining any.
605	*/
606	RT_ZERO(Caps);
607	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeFeatures, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
608	if (FAILED(hrc))
609	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
610	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeFeatures failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
611	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
612	if (Caps.Features.AsUINT64 & ~(uint64_t)0)
613	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! Unknown feature definitions: %#RX64\n", Caps.Features.AsUINT64));
614	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_CAPABILITY_FEATURES typedef. */
615
616	/*
617	* Check supported exception exit bitmap bits.
618	* We don't currently require this, so we just log failure.
619	*/
620	RT_ZERO(Caps);
621	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeExceptionExitBitmap, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
622	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
623	LogRel(("NEM: Supported exception exit bitmap: %#RX64\n", Caps.ExceptionExitBitmap));
624	else
625	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeExceptionExitBitmap failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
626	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
627
628	/*
629	* Check that the CPU vendor is supported.
630	*/
631	RT_ZERO(Caps);
632	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
633	if (FAILED(hrc))
634	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
635	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
636	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
637	switch (Caps.ProcessorVendor)
638	{
639	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_PROCESSOR_VENDOR typedef. */
640	case WHvProcessorVendorIntel:
641	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor", "%d - Intel", Caps.ProcessorVendor);
642	pVM->nem.s.enmCpuVendor = CPUMCPUVENDOR_INTEL;
643	break;
644	case WHvProcessorVendorAmd:
645	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor", "%d - AMD", Caps.ProcessorVendor);
646	pVM->nem.s.enmCpuVendor = CPUMCPUVENDOR_AMD;
647	break;
648	default:
649	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorVendor", "%d", Caps.ProcessorVendor);
650	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Unknown processor vendor: %d", Caps.ProcessorVendor);
651	}
652
653	/*
654	* CPU features, guessing these are virtual CPU features?
655	*/
656	RT_ZERO(Caps);
657	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorFeatures, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
658	if (FAILED(hrc))
659	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
660	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorFeatures failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
661	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
662	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorFeatures", "%'#018RX64", Caps.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64);
663	#define NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(a_Field) NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB(#a_Field, Caps.ProcessorFeatures.a_Field)
664	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Sse3Support);
665	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(LahfSahfSupport);
666	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Ssse3Support);
667	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Sse4_1Support);
668	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Sse4_2Support);
669	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Sse4aSupport);
670	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(XopSupport);
671	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(PopCntSupport);
672	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Cmpxchg16bSupport);
673	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Altmovcr8Support);
674	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(LzcntSupport);
675	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(MisAlignSseSupport);
676	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(MmxExtSupport);
677	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Amd3DNowSupport);
678	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(ExtendedAmd3DNowSupport);
679	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Page1GbSupport);
680	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(AesSupport);
681	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(PclmulqdqSupport);
682	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(PcidSupport);
683	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Fma4Support);
684	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(F16CSupport);
685	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RdRandSupport);
686	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RdWrFsGsSupport);
687	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(SmepSupport);
688	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(EnhancedFastStringSupport);
689	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Bmi1Support);
690	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Bmi2Support);
691	/* two reserved bits here, see below */
692	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(MovbeSupport);
693	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(Npiep1Support);
694	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(DepX87FPUSaveSupport);
695	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RdSeedSupport);
696	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(AdxSupport);
697	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(IntelPrefetchSupport);
698	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(SmapSupport);
699	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(HleSupport);
700	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RtmSupport);
701	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(RdtscpSupport);
702	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(ClflushoptSupport);
703	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(ClwbSupport);
704	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(ShaSupport);
705	NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE(X87PointersSavedSupport);
706	#undef NEM_LOG_REL_CPU_FEATURE
707	if (Caps.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64 & (~(RT_BIT_64(43) - 1) \| RT_BIT_64(27) \| RT_BIT_64(28)))
708	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! Unknown CPU features: %#RX64\n", Caps.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64));
709	pVM->nem.s.uCpuFeatures.u64 = Caps.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64;
710	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_PROCESSOR_FEATURES typedef. */
711
712	/*
713	* The cache line flush size.
714	*/
715	RT_ZERO(Caps);
716	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper(WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorClFlushSize, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
717	if (FAILED(hrc))
718	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
719	"WHvGetCapability/WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorClFlushSize failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
720	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
721	NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX("WHvCapabilityCodeProcessorClFlushSize", "2^%u", Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize);
722	if (Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize < 8 && Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize > 9)
723	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Unsupported cache line flush size: %u", Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize);
724	pVM->nem.s.cCacheLineFlushShift = Caps.ProcessorClFlushSize;
725
726	/*
727	* See if they've added more properties that we're not aware of.
728	*/
729	/** @todo RECHECK: WHV_CAPABILITY_CODE typedef. */
730	if (!IsDebuggerPresent()) /* Too noisy when in debugger, so skip. */
731	{
732	static const struct
733	{
734	uint32_t iMin, iMax; } s_aUnknowns[] =
735	{
736	{ 0x0004, 0x000f },
737	{ 0x1003, 0x100f },
738	{ 0x2000, 0x200f },
739	{ 0x3000, 0x300f },
740	{ 0x4000, 0x400f },
741	};
742	for (uint32_t j = 0; j < RT_ELEMENTS(s_aUnknowns); j++)
743	for (uint32_t i = s_aUnknowns[j].iMin; i <= s_aUnknowns[j].iMax; i++)
744	{
745	RT_ZERO(Caps);
746	hrc = WHvGetCapabilityWrapper((WHV_CAPABILITY_CODE)i, &Caps, sizeof(Caps));
747	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
748	LogRel(("NEM: Warning! Unknown capability %#x returning: %.*Rhxs\n", i, sizeof(Caps), &Caps));
749	}
750	}
751
752	/*
753	* For proper operation, we require CPUID exits.
754	*/
755	if (!pVM->nem.s.fExtendedCpuIdExit)
756	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Missing required extended CPUID exit support");
757	if (!pVM->nem.s.fExtendedMsrExit)
758	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Missing required extended MSR exit support");
759	if (!pVM->nem.s.fExtendedXcptExit)
760	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED, "Missing required extended exception exit support");
761
762	#undef NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_EX
763	#undef NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB_EX
764	#undef NEM_LOG_REL_CAP_SUB
765	return VINF_SUCCESS;
766	}
767
768
769	/**
770	* Used to fill in g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.
771	*/
772	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
773	nemR3WinIoctlDetector_GetHvPartitionId(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
774	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
775	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
776	{
777	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(hFile == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, ("hFile=%p\n", hFile), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1);
778	RT_NOREF(hEvt); RT_NOREF(pfnApcCallback); RT_NOREF(pvApcCtx);
779	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pIos), ("pIos=%p\n", pIos), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_5);
780	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
781	RT_NOREF(pvInput);
782
783	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvOutput), ("pvOutput=%p\n", pvOutput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
784	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == sizeof(HV_PARTITION_ID), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
785	(HV_PARTITION_ID )pvOutput = NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_ID;
786
787	g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.cbInput = cbInput;
788	g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.cbOutput = cbOutput;
789	g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.uFunction = uFunction;
790
791	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
792	}
793
794
795	/**
796	* Used to fill in g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.
797	*/
798	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
799	nemR3WinIoctlDetector_StartVirtualProcessor(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
800	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
801	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
802	{
803	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(hFile == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, ("hFile=%p\n", hFile), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1);
804	RT_NOREF(hEvt); RT_NOREF(pfnApcCallback); RT_NOREF(pvApcCtx);
805	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pIos), ("pIos=%p\n", pIos), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_5);
806	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == sizeof(HV_VP_INDEX), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
807	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvInput), ("pvInput=%p\n", pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
808	AssertLogRelMsgReturn((HV_VP_INDEX )pvInput == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX,
809	("piCpu=%u\n", (HV_VP_INDEX *)pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
810	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
811	RT_NOREF(pvOutput);
812
813	g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.cbInput = cbInput;
814	g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.cbOutput = cbOutput;
815	g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.uFunction = uFunction;
816
817	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
818	}
819
820
821	/**
822	* Used to fill in g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.
823	*/
824	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
825	nemR3WinIoctlDetector_StopVirtualProcessor(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
826	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
827	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
828	{
829	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(hFile == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, ("hFile=%p\n", hFile), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1);
830	RT_NOREF(hEvt); RT_NOREF(pfnApcCallback); RT_NOREF(pvApcCtx);
831	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pIos), ("pIos=%p\n", pIos), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_5);
832	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == sizeof(HV_VP_INDEX), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
833	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvInput), ("pvInput=%p\n", pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
834	AssertLogRelMsgReturn((HV_VP_INDEX )pvInput == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX,
835	("piCpu=%u\n", (HV_VP_INDEX *)pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
836	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
837	RT_NOREF(pvOutput);
838
839	g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.cbInput = cbInput;
840	g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.cbOutput = cbOutput;
841	g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction = uFunction;
842
843	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
844	}
845
846
847	/**
848	* Used to fill in g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext
849	*/
850	static NTSTATUS WINAPI
851	nemR3WinIoctlDetector_MessageSlotHandleAndGetNext(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
852	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
853	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
854	{
855	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(hFile == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, ("hFile=%p\n", hFile), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1);
856	RT_NOREF(hEvt); RT_NOREF(pfnApcCallback); RT_NOREF(pvApcCtx);
857	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pIos), ("pIos=%p\n", pIos), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_5);
858
859	if (g_uBuildNo >= 17758)
860	{
861	/* No timeout since about build 17758, it's now always an infinite wait. So, a somewhat compatible change. */
862	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == RT_UOFFSETOF(VID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT, cMillies),
863	("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput),
864	STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
865	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvInput), ("pvInput=%p\n", pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
866	PCVID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT pVidIn = (PCVID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT)pvInput;
867	AssertLogRelMsgReturn( pVidIn->iCpu == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX
868	&& pVidIn->fFlags == VID_MSHAGN_F_HANDLE_MESSAGE,
869	("iCpu=%u fFlags=%#x cMillies=%#x\n", pVidIn->iCpu, pVidIn->fFlags, pVidIn->cMillies),
870	STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
871	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
872	}
873	else
874	{
875	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbInput == sizeof(VID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT), ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput),
876	STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_8);
877	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_VALID_PTR(pvInput), ("pvInput=%p\n", pvInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
878	PCVID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT pVidIn = (PCVID_IOCTL_INPUT_MESSAGE_SLOT_HANDLE_AND_GET_NEXT)pvInput;
879	AssertLogRelMsgReturn( pVidIn->iCpu == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX
880	&& pVidIn->fFlags == VID_MSHAGN_F_HANDLE_MESSAGE
881	&& pVidIn->cMillies == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_TIMEOUT,
882	("iCpu=%u fFlags=%#x cMillies=%#x\n", pVidIn->iCpu, pVidIn->fFlags, pVidIn->cMillies),
883	STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_9);
884	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(cbOutput == 0, ("cbInput=%#x\n", cbInput), STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_10);
885	RT_NOREF(pvOutput);
886	}
887
888	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.cbInput = cbInput;
889	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.cbOutput = cbOutput;
890	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction = uFunction;
891
892	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
893	}
894
895
896	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
897	/**
898	* Used to fill in what g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging points to.
899	*/
900	static NTSTATUS WINAPI nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging(HANDLE hFile, HANDLE hEvt, PIO_APC_ROUTINE pfnApcCallback, PVOID pvApcCtx,
901	PIO_STATUS_BLOCK pIos, ULONG uFunction, PVOID pvInput, ULONG cbInput,
902	PVOID pvOutput, ULONG cbOutput)
903	{
904	RT_NOREF(hFile, hEvt, pfnApcCallback, pvApcCtx, pIos, pvInput, pvOutput);
905
906	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbInput = cbInput;
907	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbOutput = cbOutput;
908	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->uFunction = uFunction;
909
910	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
911	}
912	#endif
913
914
915	/**
916	* Worker for nemR3NativeInit that detect I/O control function numbers for VID.
917	*
918	* We use the function numbers directly in ring-0 and to name functions when
919	* logging NtDeviceIoControlFile calls.
920	*
921	* @note We could alternatively do this by disassembling the respective
922	* functions, but hooking NtDeviceIoControlFile and making fake calls
923	* more easily provides the desired information.
924	*
925	* @returns VBox status code.
926	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure. Will set I/O
927	* control info members.
928	* @param pErrInfo Where to always return error info.
929	*/
930	static int nemR3WinInitDiscoverIoControlProperties(PVM pVM, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
931	{
932	/*
933	* Probe the I/O control information for select VID APIs so we can use
934	* them directly from ring-0 and better log them.
935	*
936	*/
937	decltype(NtDeviceIoControlFile) * const pfnOrg = *g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile;
938
939	/* VidGetHvPartitionId - must work due to memory. */
940	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_GetHvPartitionId;
941	HV_PARTITION_ID idHvPartition = HV_PARTITION_ID_INVALID;
942	BOOL fRet = g_pfnVidGetHvPartitionId(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, &idHvPartition);
943	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
944	AssertReturn(fRet && idHvPartition == NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_PARTITION_ID && g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.uFunction != 0,
945	RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED,
946	"Problem figuring out VidGetHvPartitionId: fRet=%u idHvPartition=%#x dwErr=%u",
947	fRet, idHvPartition, GetLastError()) );
948	LogRel(("NEM: VidGetHvPartitionId -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n",
949	g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.uFunction, g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.cbInput, g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId.cbOutput));
950
951	int rcRet = VINF_SUCCESS;
952	/* VidStartVirtualProcessor */
953	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_StartVirtualProcessor;
954	fRet = g_pfnVidStartVirtualProcessor(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX);
955	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
956	AssertStmt(fRet && g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.uFunction != 0,
957	rcRet = RTERRINFO_LOG_REL_SET_F(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_RING3_ONLY,
958	"Problem figuring out VidStartVirtualProcessor: fRet=%u dwErr=%u",
959	fRet, GetLastError()) );
960	LogRel(("NEM: VidStartVirtualProcessor -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.uFunction,
961	g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.cbInput, g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor.cbOutput));
962
963	/* VidStopVirtualProcessor */
964	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_StopVirtualProcessor;
965	fRet = g_pfnVidStopVirtualProcessor(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX);
966	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
967	AssertStmt(fRet && g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction != 0,
968	rcRet = RTERRINFO_LOG_REL_SET_F(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_RING3_ONLY,
969	"Problem figuring out VidStopVirtualProcessor: fRet=%u dwErr=%u",
970	fRet, GetLastError()) );
971	LogRel(("NEM: VidStopVirtualProcessor -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.uFunction,
972	g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.cbInput, g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor.cbOutput));
973
974	/* VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext */
975	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_MessageSlotHandleAndGetNext;
976	fRet = g_pfnVidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE,
977	NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX, VID_MSHAGN_F_HANDLE_MESSAGE,
978	NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_TIMEOUT);
979	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
980	AssertStmt(fRet && g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction != 0,
981	rcRet = RTERRINFO_LOG_REL_SET_F(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_RING3_ONLY,
982	"Problem figuring out VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext: fRet=%u dwErr=%u",
983	fRet, GetLastError()) );
984	LogRel(("NEM: VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n",
985	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.uFunction, g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.cbInput,
986	g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext.cbOutput));
987
988	#ifdef LOG_ENABLED
989	/* The following are only for logging: */
990	union
991	{
992	VID_MAPPED_MESSAGE_SLOT MapSlot;
993	HV_REGISTER_NAME Name;
994	HV_REGISTER_VALUE Value;
995	} uBuf;
996
997	/* VidMessageSlotMap */
998	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging = &g_IoCtlMessageSlotMap;
999	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging;
1000	fRet = g_pfnVidMessageSlotMap(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, &uBuf.MapSlot, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX);
1001	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1002	Assert(fRet);
1003	LogRel(("NEM: VidMessageSlotMap -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->uFunction,
1004	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbInput, g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbOutput));
1005
1006	/* VidGetVirtualProcessorState */
1007	uBuf.Name = HvRegisterExplicitSuspend;
1008	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging = &g_IoCtlGetVirtualProcessorState;
1009	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging;
1010	fRet = g_pfnVidGetVirtualProcessorState(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX,
1011	&uBuf.Name, 1, &uBuf.Value);
1012	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1013	Assert(fRet);
1014	LogRel(("NEM: VidGetVirtualProcessorState -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->uFunction,
1015	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbInput, g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbOutput));
1016
1017	/* VidSetVirtualProcessorState */
1018	uBuf.Name = HvRegisterExplicitSuspend;
1019	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging = &g_IoCtlSetVirtualProcessorState;
1020	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = nemR3WinIoctlDetector_ForLogging;
1021	fRet = g_pfnVidSetVirtualProcessorState(NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_HANDLE, NEM_WIN_IOCTL_DETECTOR_FAKE_VP_INDEX,
1022	&uBuf.Name, 1, &uBuf.Value);
1023	*g_ppfnVidNtDeviceIoControlFile = pfnOrg;
1024	Assert(fRet);
1025	LogRel(("NEM: VidSetVirtualProcessorState -> fun:%#x in:%#x out:%#x\n", g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->uFunction,
1026	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbInput, g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging->cbOutput));
1027
1028	g_pIoCtlDetectForLogging = NULL;
1029	#endif
1030
1031	/* Done. */
1032	pVM->nem.s.IoCtlGetHvPartitionId = g_IoCtlGetHvPartitionId;
1033	pVM->nem.s.IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor = g_IoCtlStartVirtualProcessor;
1034	pVM->nem.s.IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor = g_IoCtlStopVirtualProcessor;
1035	pVM->nem.s.IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext = g_IoCtlMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext;
1036	return rcRet;
1037	}
1038
1039
1040	/**
1041	* Creates and sets up a Hyper-V (exo) partition.
1042	*
1043	* @returns VBox status code.
1044	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1045	* @param pErrInfo Where to always return error info.
1046	*/
1047	static int nemR3WinInitCreatePartition(PVM pVM, PRTERRINFO pErrInfo)
1048	{
1049	AssertReturn(!pVM->nem.s.hPartition, RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_WRONG_ORDER, "Wrong initalization order"));
1050	AssertReturn(!pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice, RTErrInfoSet(pErrInfo, VERR_WRONG_ORDER, "Wrong initalization order"));
1051
1052	/*
1053	* Create the partition.
1054	*/
1055	WHV_PARTITION_HANDLE hPartition;
1056	HRESULT hrc = WHvCreatePartition(&hPartition);
1057	if (FAILED(hrc))
1058	return RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, "WHvCreatePartition failed with %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1059	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1060
1061	int rc;
1062
1063	/*
1064	* Set partition properties, most importantly the CPU count.
1065	*/
1066	/**
1067	* @todo Someone at Microsoft please explain another weird API:
1068	* - Why this API doesn't take the WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY_CODE value as an
1069	* argument rather than as part of the struct. That is so weird if you've
1070	* used any other NT or windows API, including WHvGetCapability().
1071	* - Why use PVOID when WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY is what's expected. We
1072	* technically only need 9 bytes for setting/getting
1073	* WHVPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorClFlushSize, but the API insists on 16. */
1074	WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY Property;
1075	RT_ZERO(Property);
1076	Property.ProcessorCount = pVM->cCpus;
1077	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorCount, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1078	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1079	{
1080	RT_ZERO(Property);
1081	Property.ExtendedVmExits.X64CpuidExit = pVM->nem.s.fExtendedCpuIdExit; /** @todo Register fixed results and restrict cpuid exits */
1082	Property.ExtendedVmExits.X64MsrExit = pVM->nem.s.fExtendedMsrExit;
1083	Property.ExtendedVmExits.ExceptionExit = pVM->nem.s.fExtendedXcptExit;
1084	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeExtendedVmExits, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1085	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1086	{
1087	/*
1088	* We'll continue setup in nemR3NativeInitAfterCPUM.
1089	*/
1090	pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts = false;
1091	pVM->nem.s.hPartition = hPartition;
1092	LogRel(("NEM: Created partition %p.\n", hPartition));
1093	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1094	}
1095
1096	rc = RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED,
1097	"Failed setting WHvPartitionPropertyCodeExtendedVmExits to %'#RX64: %Rhrc",
1098	Property.ExtendedVmExits.AsUINT64, hrc);
1099	}
1100	else
1101	rc = RTErrInfoSetF(pErrInfo, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED,
1102	"Failed setting WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorCount to %u: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1103	pVM->cCpus, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1104	WHvDeletePartition(hPartition);
1105
1106	Assert(!pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice);
1107	Assert(!pVM->nem.s.hPartition);
1108	return rc;
1109	}
1110
1111
1112	/**
1113	* Makes sure APIC and firmware will not allow X2APIC mode.
1114	*
1115	* This is rather ugly.
1116	*
1117	* @returns VBox status code
1118	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1119	*/
1120	static int nemR3WinDisableX2Apic(PVM pVM)
1121	{
1122	/*
1123	* First make sure the 'Mode' config value of the APIC isn't set to X2APIC.
1124	* This defaults to APIC, so no need to change unless it's X2APIC.
1125	*/
1126	PCFGMNODE pCfg = CFGMR3GetChild(CFGMR3GetRoot(pVM), "/Devices/apic/0/Config");
1127	if (pCfg)
1128	{
1129	uint8_t bMode = 0;
1130	int rc = CFGMR3QueryU8(pCfg, "Mode", &bMode);
1131	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_SUCCESS(rc) \|\| rc == VERR_CFGM_VALUE_NOT_FOUND, ("%Rrc\n", rc), rc);
1132	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc) && bMode == PDMAPICMODE_X2APIC)
1133	{
1134	LogRel(("NEM: Adjusting APIC configuration from X2APIC to APIC max mode. X2APIC is not supported by the WinHvPlatform API!\n"));
1135	LogRel(("NEM: Disable Hyper-V if you need X2APIC for your guests!\n"));
1136	rc = CFGMR3RemoveValue(pCfg, "Mode");
1137	rc = CFGMR3InsertInteger(pCfg, "Mode", PDMAPICMODE_APIC);
1138	AssertLogRelRCReturn(rc, rc);
1139	}
1140	}
1141
1142	/*
1143	* Now the firmwares.
1144	* These also defaults to APIC and only needs adjusting if configured to X2APIC (2).
1145	*/
1146	static const char * const s_apszFirmwareConfigs[] =
1147	{
1148	"/Devices/efi/0/Config",
1149	"/Devices/pcbios/0/Config",
1150	};
1151	for (unsigned i = 0; i < RT_ELEMENTS(s_apszFirmwareConfigs); i++)
1152	{
1153	pCfg = CFGMR3GetChild(CFGMR3GetRoot(pVM), "/Devices/APIC/0/Config");
1154	if (pCfg)
1155	{
1156	uint8_t bMode = 0;
1157	int rc = CFGMR3QueryU8(pCfg, "APIC", &bMode);
1158	AssertLogRelMsgReturn(RT_SUCCESS(rc) \|\| rc == VERR_CFGM_VALUE_NOT_FOUND, ("%Rrc\n", rc), rc);
1159	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc) && bMode == 2)
1160	{
1161	LogRel(("NEM: Adjusting %s/Mode from 2 (X2APIC) to 1 (APIC).\n", s_apszFirmwareConfigs[i]));
1162	rc = CFGMR3RemoveValue(pCfg, "APIC");
1163	rc = CFGMR3InsertInteger(pCfg, "APIC", 1);
1164	AssertLogRelRCReturn(rc, rc);
1165	}
1166	}
1167	}
1168
1169	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1170	}
1171
1172
1173	/**
1174	* Try initialize the native API.
1175	*
1176	* This may only do part of the job, more can be done in
1177	* nemR3NativeInitAfterCPUM() and nemR3NativeInitCompleted().
1178	*
1179	* @returns VBox status code.
1180	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1181	* @param fFallback Whether we're in fallback mode or use-NEM mode. In
1182	* the latter we'll fail if we cannot initialize.
1183	* @param fForced Whether the HMForced flag is set and we should
1184	* fail if we cannot initialize.
1185	*/
1186	int nemR3NativeInit(PVM pVM, bool fFallback, bool fForced)
1187	{
1188	g_uBuildNo = RTSystemGetNtBuildNo();
1189
1190	/*
1191	* Some state init.
1192	*/
1193	pVM->nem.s.fA20Enabled = true;
1194	#if 0
1195	for (VMCPUID idCpu = 0; idCpu < pVM->cCpus; idCpu++)
1196	{
1197	PNEMCPU pNemCpu = &pVM->apCpusR3[idCpu]->nem.s;
1198	}
1199	#endif
1200
1201	/*
1202	* Error state.
1203	* The error message will be non-empty on failure and 'rc' will be set too.
1204	*/
1205	RTERRINFOSTATIC ErrInfo;
1206	PRTERRINFO pErrInfo = RTErrInfoInitStatic(&ErrInfo);
1207	int rc = nemR3WinInitProbeAndLoad(fForced, pErrInfo);
1208	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1209	{
1210	/*
1211	* Check the capabilties of the hypervisor, starting with whether it's present.
1212	*/
1213	rc = nemR3WinInitCheckCapabilities(pVM, pErrInfo);
1214	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1215	{
1216	/*
1217	* Discover the VID I/O control function numbers we need.
1218	*/
1219	rc = nemR3WinInitDiscoverIoControlProperties(pVM, pErrInfo);
1220	if (rc == VERR_NEM_RING3_ONLY)
1221	{
1222	if (pVM->nem.s.fUseRing0Runloop)
1223	{
1224	LogRel(("NEM: Disabling UseRing0Runloop.\n"));
1225	pVM->nem.s.fUseRing0Runloop = false;
1226	}
1227	rc = VINF_SUCCESS;
1228	}
1229	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1230	{
1231	/*
1232	* Check out our ring-0 capabilities.
1233	*/
1234	rc = SUPR3CallVMMR0Ex(pVM->pVMR0, 0 /idCpu/, VMMR0_DO_NEM_INIT_VM, 0, NULL);
1235	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1236	{
1237	/*
1238	* Create and initialize a partition.
1239	*/
1240	rc = nemR3WinInitCreatePartition(pVM, pErrInfo);
1241	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1242	{
1243	VM_SET_MAIN_EXECUTION_ENGINE(pVM, VM_EXEC_ENGINE_NATIVE_API);
1244	Log(("NEM: Marked active!\n"));
1245	nemR3WinDisableX2Apic(pVM);
1246
1247	/* Register release statistics */
1248	for (VMCPUID idCpu = 0; idCpu < pVM->cCpus; idCpu++)
1249	{
1250	PNEMCPU pNemCpu = &pVM->apCpusR3[idCpu]->nem.s;
1251	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitPortIo, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of port I/O exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitPortIo", idCpu);
1252	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitMemUnmapped, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of unmapped memory exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitMemUnmapped", idCpu);
1253	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitMemIntercept, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of intercepted memory exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitMemIntercept", idCpu);
1254	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitHalt, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of HLT exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitHalt", idCpu);
1255	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitInterruptWindow, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of HLT exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitInterruptWindow", idCpu);
1256	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitCpuId, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of CPUID exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitCpuId", idCpu);
1257	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitMsr, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of MSR access exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitMsr", idCpu);
1258	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitException, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of exception exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitException", idCpu);
1259	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionBp, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of #BP exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionBp", idCpu);
1260	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionDb, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of #DB exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionDb", idCpu);
1261	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionUd, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of #UD exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionUd", idCpu);
1262	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitExceptionUdHandled, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of handled #UD exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitExceptionUdHandled", idCpu);
1263	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatExitUnrecoverable, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of unrecoverable exits", "/NEM/CPU%u/ExitUnrecoverable", idCpu);
1264	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatGetMsgTimeout, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of get message timeouts/alerts", "/NEM/CPU%u/GetMsgTimeout", idCpu);
1265	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatStopCpuSuccess, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of successful CPU stops", "/NEM/CPU%u/StopCpuSuccess", idCpu);
1266	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatStopCpuPending, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of pending CPU stops", "/NEM/CPU%u/StopCpuPending", idCpu);
1267	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatStopCpuPendingAlerts,STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of pending CPU stop alerts", "/NEM/CPU%u/StopCpuPendingAlerts", idCpu);
1268	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatStopCpuPendingOdd, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of odd pending CPU stops (see code)", "/NEM/CPU%u/StopCpuPendingOdd", idCpu);
1269	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatCancelChangedState, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of cancel changed state", "/NEM/CPU%u/CancelChangedState", idCpu);
1270	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatCancelAlertedThread, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of cancel alerted EMT", "/NEM/CPU%u/CancelAlertedEMT", idCpu);
1271	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatBreakOnFFPre, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of pre execution FF breaks", "/NEM/CPU%u/BreakOnFFPre", idCpu);
1272	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatBreakOnFFPost, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of post execution FF breaks", "/NEM/CPU%u/BreakOnFFPost", idCpu);
1273	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatBreakOnCancel, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of cancel execution breaks", "/NEM/CPU%u/BreakOnCancel", idCpu);
1274	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatBreakOnStatus, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of status code breaks", "/NEM/CPU%u/BreakOnStatus", idCpu);
1275	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatImportOnDemand, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of on-demand state imports", "/NEM/CPU%u/ImportOnDemand", idCpu);
1276	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatImportOnReturn, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of state imports on loop return", "/NEM/CPU%u/ImportOnReturn", idCpu);
1277	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatImportOnReturnSkipped, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of skipped state imports on loop return", "/NEM/CPU%u/ImportOnReturnSkipped", idCpu);
1278	STAMR3RegisterF(pVM, &pNemCpu->StatQueryCpuTick, STAMTYPE_COUNTER, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS, STAMUNIT_OCCURENCES, "Number of TSC queries", "/NEM/CPU%u/QueryCpuTick", idCpu);
1279	}
1280
1281	PUVM pUVM = pVM->pUVM;
1282	STAMR3RegisterRefresh(pUVM, &pVM->nem.s.R0Stats.cPagesAvailable, STAMTYPE_U64, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1283	STAMUNIT_PAGES, STAM_REFRESH_GRP_NEM, "Free pages available to the hypervisor",
1284	"/NEM/R0Stats/cPagesAvailable");
1285	STAMR3RegisterRefresh(pUVM, &pVM->nem.s.R0Stats.cPagesInUse, STAMTYPE_U64, STAMVISIBILITY_ALWAYS,
1286	STAMUNIT_PAGES, STAM_REFRESH_GRP_NEM, "Pages in use by hypervisor",
1287	"/NEM/R0Stats/cPagesInUse");
1288	}
1289	}
1290	}
1291	}
1292	}
1293
1294	/*
1295	* We only fail if in forced mode, otherwise just log the complaint and return.
1296	*/
1297	Assert(pVM->bMainExecutionEngine == VM_EXEC_ENGINE_NATIVE_API \|\| RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo));
1298	if ( (fForced \|\| !fFallback)
1299	&& pVM->bMainExecutionEngine != VM_EXEC_ENGINE_NATIVE_API)
1300	return VMSetError(pVM, RT_SUCCESS_NP(rc) ? VERR_NEM_NOT_AVAILABLE : rc, RT_SRC_POS, "%s", pErrInfo->pszMsg);
1301
1302	if (RTErrInfoIsSet(pErrInfo))
1303	LogRel(("NEM: Not available: %s\n", pErrInfo->pszMsg));
1304	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1305	}
1306
1307
1308	/**
1309	* This is called after CPUMR3Init is done.
1310	*
1311	* @returns VBox status code.
1312	* @param pVM The VM handle..
1313	*/
1314	int nemR3NativeInitAfterCPUM(PVM pVM)
1315	{
1316	/*
1317	* Validate sanity.
1318	*/
1319	WHV_PARTITION_HANDLE hPartition = pVM->nem.s.hPartition;
1320	AssertReturn(hPartition != NULL, VERR_WRONG_ORDER);
1321	AssertReturn(!pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice, VERR_WRONG_ORDER);
1322	AssertReturn(!pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts, VERR_WRONG_ORDER);
1323	AssertReturn(pVM->bMainExecutionEngine == VM_EXEC_ENGINE_NATIVE_API, VERR_WRONG_ORDER);
1324
1325	/*
1326	* Continue setting up the partition now that we've got most of the CPUID feature stuff.
1327	*/
1328	WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY Property;
1329	HRESULT hrc;
1330
1331	#if 0
1332	/* Not sure if we really need to set the vendor.
1333	Update: Apparently we don't. WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorVendor was removed in 17110. */
1334	RT_ZERO(Property);
1335	Property.ProcessorVendor = pVM->nem.s.enmCpuVendor == CPUMCPUVENDOR_AMD ? WHvProcessorVendorAmd
1336	: WHvProcessorVendorIntel;
1337	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorVendor, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1338	if (FAILED(hrc))
1339	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1340	"Failed to set WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorVendor to %u: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1341	Property.ProcessorVendor, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1342	#endif
1343
1344	/* Not sure if we really need to set the cache line flush size. */
1345	RT_ZERO(Property);
1346	Property.ProcessorClFlushSize = pVM->nem.s.cCacheLineFlushShift;
1347	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorClFlushSize, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1348	if (FAILED(hrc))
1349	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1350	"Failed to set WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorClFlushSize to %u: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1351	pVM->nem.s.cCacheLineFlushShift, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1352
1353	/* Intercept #DB, #BP and #UD exceptions. */
1354	RT_ZERO(Property);
1355	Property.ExceptionExitBitmap = RT_BIT_64(WHvX64ExceptionTypeDebugTrapOrFault)
1356	\| RT_BIT_64(WHvX64ExceptionTypeBreakpointTrap)
1357	\| RT_BIT_64(WHvX64ExceptionTypeInvalidOpcodeFault);
1358	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeExceptionExitBitmap, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1359	if (FAILED(hrc))
1360	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1361	"Failed to set WHvPartitionPropertyCodeExceptionExitBitmap to %#RX64: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1362	Property.ExceptionExitBitmap, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1363
1364
1365	/*
1366	* Sync CPU features with CPUM.
1367	*/
1368	/** @todo sync CPU features with CPUM. */
1369
1370	/* Set the partition property. */
1371	RT_ZERO(Property);
1372	Property.ProcessorFeatures.AsUINT64 = pVM->nem.s.uCpuFeatures.u64;
1373	hrc = WHvSetPartitionProperty(hPartition, WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorFeatures, &Property, sizeof(Property));
1374	if (FAILED(hrc))
1375	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1376	"Failed to set WHvPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorFeatures to %'#RX64: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1377	pVM->nem.s.uCpuFeatures.u64, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1378
1379	/*
1380	* Set up the partition and create EMTs.
1381	*
1382	* Seems like this is where the partition is actually instantiated and we get
1383	* a handle to it.
1384	*/
1385	hrc = WHvSetupPartition(hPartition);
1386	if (FAILED(hrc))
1387	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1388	"Call to WHvSetupPartition failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)",
1389	hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1390
1391	/* Get the handle. */
1392	HANDLE hPartitionDevice;
1393	__try
1394	{
1395	hPartitionDevice = ((HANDLE *)hPartition)[1];
1396	}
1397	__except(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)
1398	{
1399	hrc = GetExceptionCode();
1400	hPartitionDevice = NULL;
1401	}
1402	if ( hPartitionDevice == NULL
1403	\|\| hPartitionDevice == (HANDLE)(intptr_t)-1)
1404	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1405	"Failed to get device handle for partition %p: %Rhrc", hPartition, hrc);
1406
1407	HV_PARTITION_ID idHvPartition = HV_PARTITION_ID_INVALID;
1408	if (!g_pfnVidGetHvPartitionId(hPartitionDevice, &idHvPartition))
1409	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1410	"Failed to get device handle and/or partition ID for %p (hPartitionDevice=%p, Last=%#x/%u)",
1411	hPartition, hPartitionDevice, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue());
1412	pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice = hPartitionDevice;
1413	pVM->nem.s.idHvPartition = idHvPartition;
1414
1415	/*
1416	* Setup the EMTs.
1417	*/
1418	for (VMCPUID idCpu = 0; idCpu < pVM->cCpus; idCpu++)
1419	{
1420	PVMCPU pVCpu = pVM->apCpusR3[idCpu];
1421
1422	pVCpu->nem.s.hNativeThreadHandle = (RTR3PTR)RTThreadGetNativeHandle(VMR3GetThreadHandle(pVCpu->pUVCpu));
1423	Assert((HANDLE)pVCpu->nem.s.hNativeThreadHandle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
1424
1425	#ifndef NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API
1426	# ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_RING0_RUNLOOP
1427	if (!pVM->nem.s.fUseRing0Runloop)
1428	# endif
1429	{
1430	hrc = WHvCreateVirtualProcessor(hPartition, idCpu, 0 /fFlags/);
1431	if (FAILED(hrc))
1432	{
1433	NTSTATUS const rcNtLast = RTNtLastStatusValue();
1434	DWORD const dwErrLast = RTNtLastErrorValue();
1435	while (idCpu-- > 0)
1436	{
1437	HRESULT hrc2 = WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor(hPartition, idCpu);
1438	AssertLogRelMsg(SUCCEEDED(hrc2), ("WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor(%p, %u) -> %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)\n",
1439	hPartition, idCpu, hrc2, RTNtLastStatusValue(),
1440	RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1441	}
1442	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1443	"Call to WHvSetupPartition failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)", hrc, rcNtLast, dwErrLast);
1444	}
1445	}
1446	# ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_RING0_RUNLOOP
1447	else
1448	# endif
1449	#endif /* !NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API */
1450	#if defined(NEM_WIN_WITH_RING0_RUNLOOP) \|\| defined(NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API)
1451	{
1452	VID_MAPPED_MESSAGE_SLOT MappedMsgSlot = { NULL, UINT32_MAX, UINT32_MAX };
1453	if (g_pfnVidMessageSlotMap(hPartitionDevice, &MappedMsgSlot, idCpu))
1454	{
1455	AssertLogRelMsg(MappedMsgSlot.iCpu == idCpu && MappedMsgSlot.uParentAdvisory == UINT32_MAX,
1456	("%#x %#x (iCpu=%#x)\n", MappedMsgSlot.iCpu, MappedMsgSlot.uParentAdvisory, idCpu));
1457	pVCpu->nem.s.pvMsgSlotMapping = MappedMsgSlot.pMsgBlock;
1458	}
1459	else
1460	{
1461	NTSTATUS const rcNtLast = RTNtLastStatusValue();
1462	DWORD const dwErrLast = RTNtLastErrorValue();
1463	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS,
1464	"Call to WHvSetupPartition failed: %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)", hrc, rcNtLast, dwErrLast);
1465	}
1466	}
1467	#endif
1468	}
1469	pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts = true;
1470
1471	/*
1472	* Do some more ring-0 initialization now that we've got the partition handle.
1473	*/
1474	int rc = VMMR3CallR0Emt(pVM, pVM->apCpusR3[0], VMMR0_DO_NEM_INIT_VM_PART_2, 0, NULL);
1475	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1476	{
1477	LogRel(("NEM: Successfully set up partition (device handle %p, partition ID %#llx)\n", hPartitionDevice, idHvPartition));
1478
1479	#if 1
1480	VMMR3CallR0Emt(pVM, pVM->apCpusR3[0], VMMR0_DO_NEM_UPDATE_STATISTICS, 0, NULL);
1481	LogRel(("NEM: Memory balance: %#RX64 out of %#RX64 pages in use\n",
1482	pVM->nem.s.R0Stats.cPagesInUse, pVM->nem.s.R0Stats.cPagesAvailable));
1483	#endif
1484
1485	/*
1486	* Register statistics on shared pages.
1487	*/
1488	/** @todo HvCallMapStatsPage */
1489
1490	/*
1491	* Adjust features.
1492	* Note! We've already disabled X2APIC via CFGM during the first init call.
1493	*/
1494
1495	#if 0 && defined(DEBUG_bird)
1496	/*
1497	* Poke and probe a little.
1498	*/
1499	PVMCPU pVCpu = pVM->apCpusR3[0];
1500	uint32_t aRegNames[1024];
1501	HV_REGISTER_VALUE aRegValues[1024];
1502	uint32_t aPropCodes[128];
1503	uint64_t aPropValues[128];
1504	for (int iOuter = 0; iOuter < 5; iOuter++)
1505	{
1506	LogRel(("\niOuter %d\n", iOuter));
1507	# if 1
1508	/* registers */
1509	uint32_t iRegValue = 0;
1510	uint32_t cRegChanges = 0;
1511	for (uint32_t iReg = 0; iReg < 0x001101ff; iReg++)
1512	{
1513	if (iOuter != 0 && aRegNames[iRegValue] > iReg)
1514	continue;
1515	RT_ZERO(pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment);
1516	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uItem = iReg;
1517	int rc2 = VMMR3CallR0Emt(pVM, pVCpu, VMMR0_DO_NEM_EXPERIMENT, 0, NULL);
1518	AssertLogRelRCBreak(rc2);
1519	if (pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.fSuccess)
1520	{
1521	LogRel(("Register %#010x = %#18RX64, %#18RX64\n", iReg,
1522	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue, pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uHiValue));
1523	if (iReg == HvX64RegisterTsc)
1524	{
1525	uint64_t uTsc = ASMReadTSC();
1526	LogRel(("TSC = %#18RX64; Delta %#18RX64 or %#18RX64\n",
1527	uTsc, pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue - uTsc, uTsc - pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue));
1528	}
1529
1530	if (iOuter == 0)
1531	aRegNames[iRegValue] = iReg;
1532	else if( aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.Low64 != pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue
1533	\|\| aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.High64 != pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uHiValue)
1534	{
1535	LogRel(("Changed from %#18RX64, %#18RX64 !!\n",
1536	aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.Low64, aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.High64));
1537	LogRel(("Delta %#18RX64, %#18RX64 !!\n",
1538	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue - aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.Low64,
1539	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uHiValue - aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.High64));
1540	cRegChanges++;
1541	}
1542	aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.Low64 = pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue;
1543	aRegValues[iRegValue].Reg128.High64 = pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uHiValue;
1544	iRegValue++;
1545	AssertBreak(iRegValue < RT_ELEMENTS(aRegValues));
1546	}
1547	}
1548	LogRel(("Found %u registers, %u changed\n", iRegValue, cRegChanges));
1549	# endif
1550	# if 1
1551	/* partition properties */
1552	uint32_t iPropValue = 0;
1553	uint32_t cPropChanges = 0;
1554	for (uint32_t iProp = 0; iProp < 0xc11ff; iProp++)
1555	{
1556	if (iProp == HvPartitionPropertyDebugChannelId /* hangs host */)
1557	continue;
1558	if (iOuter != 0 && aPropCodes[iPropValue] > iProp)
1559	continue;
1560	RT_ZERO(pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment);
1561	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uItem = iProp;
1562	int rc2 = VMMR3CallR0Emt(pVM, pVCpu, VMMR0_DO_NEM_EXPERIMENT, 1, NULL);
1563	AssertLogRelRCBreak(rc2);
1564	if (pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.fSuccess)
1565	{
1566	LogRel(("Property %#010x = %#18RX64\n", iProp, pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue));
1567	if (iOuter == 0)
1568	aPropCodes[iPropValue] = iProp;
1569	else if (aPropValues[iPropValue] != pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue)
1570	{
1571	LogRel(("Changed from %#18RX64, delta %#18RX64!!\n",
1572	aPropValues[iPropValue], pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue - aPropValues[iPropValue]));
1573	cRegChanges++;
1574	}
1575	aPropValues[iPropValue] = pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue;
1576	iPropValue++;
1577	AssertBreak(iPropValue < RT_ELEMENTS(aPropValues));
1578	}
1579	}
1580	LogRel(("Found %u properties, %u changed\n", iPropValue, cPropChanges));
1581	# endif
1582
1583	/* Modify the TSC register value and see what changes. */
1584	if (iOuter != 0)
1585	{
1586	RT_ZERO(pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment);
1587	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uItem = HvX64RegisterTsc;
1588	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uHiValue = UINT64_C(0x00000fffffffffff) >> iOuter;
1589	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue = UINT64_C(0x0011100000000000) << iOuter;
1590	VMMR3CallR0Emt(pVM, pVCpu, VMMR0_DO_NEM_EXPERIMENT, 2, NULL);
1591	LogRel(("Setting HvX64RegisterTsc -> %RTbool (%#RX64)\n", pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.fSuccess, pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uStatus));
1592	}
1593
1594	RT_ZERO(pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment);
1595	pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uItem = HvX64RegisterTsc;
1596	VMMR3CallR0Emt(pVM, pVCpu, VMMR0_DO_NEM_EXPERIMENT, 0, NULL);
1597	LogRel(("HvX64RegisterTsc = %#RX64, %#RX64\n", pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uLoValue, pVCpu->nem.s.Hypercall.Experiment.uHiValue));
1598	}
1599
1600	#endif
1601	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1602	}
1603	return VMSetError(pVM, VERR_NEM_VM_CREATE_FAILED, RT_SRC_POS, "Call to NEMR0InitVMPart2 failed: %Rrc", rc);
1604	}
1605
1606
1607	int nemR3NativeInitCompleted(PVM pVM, VMINITCOMPLETED enmWhat)
1608	{
1609	//BOOL fRet = SetThreadPriority(GetCurrentThread(), 0);
1610	//AssertLogRel(fRet);
1611
1612	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(enmWhat);
1613	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1614	}
1615
1616
1617	int nemR3NativeTerm(PVM pVM)
1618	{
1619	/*
1620	* Delete the partition.
1621	*/
1622	WHV_PARTITION_HANDLE hPartition = pVM->nem.s.hPartition;
1623	pVM->nem.s.hPartition = NULL;
1624	pVM->nem.s.hPartitionDevice = NULL;
1625	if (hPartition != NULL)
1626	{
1627	VMCPUID idCpu = pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts ? pVM->cCpus : 0;
1628	LogRel(("NEM: Destroying partition %p with its %u VCpus...\n", hPartition, idCpu));
1629	while (idCpu-- > 0)
1630	{
1631	PVMCPU pVCpu = pVM->apCpusR3[idCpu];
1632	pVCpu->nem.s.pvMsgSlotMapping = NULL;
1633	#ifndef NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API
1634	# ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_RING0_RUNLOOP
1635	if (!pVM->nem.s.fUseRing0Runloop)
1636	# endif
1637	{
1638	HRESULT hrc = WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor(hPartition, idCpu);
1639	AssertLogRelMsg(SUCCEEDED(hrc), ("WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor(%p, %u) -> %Rhrc (Last=%#x/%u)\n",
1640	hPartition, idCpu, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(),
1641	RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1642	}
1643	#endif
1644	}
1645	WHvDeletePartition(hPartition);
1646	}
1647	pVM->nem.s.fCreatedEmts = false;
1648	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1649	}
1650
1651
1652	/**
1653	* VM reset notification.
1654	*
1655	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1656	*/
1657	void nemR3NativeReset(PVM pVM)
1658	{
1659	/* Unfix the A20 gate. */
1660	pVM->nem.s.fA20Fixed = false;
1661	}
1662
1663
1664	/**
1665	* Reset CPU due to INIT IPI or hot (un)plugging.
1666	*
1667	* @param pVCpu The cross context virtual CPU structure of the CPU being
1668	* reset.
1669	* @param fInitIpi Whether this is the INIT IPI or hot (un)plugging case.
1670	*/
1671	void nemR3NativeResetCpu(PVMCPU pVCpu, bool fInitIpi)
1672	{
1673	/* Lock the A20 gate if INIT IPI, make sure it's enabled. */
1674	if (fInitIpi && pVCpu->idCpu > 0)
1675	{
1676	PVM pVM = pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM);
1677	if (!pVM->nem.s.fA20Enabled)
1678	nemR3NativeNotifySetA20(pVCpu, true);
1679	pVM->nem.s.fA20Enabled = true;
1680	pVM->nem.s.fA20Fixed = true;
1681	}
1682	}
1683
1684
1685	VBOXSTRICTRC nemR3NativeRunGC(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu)
1686	{
1687	#ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_RING0_RUNLOOP
1688	if (pVM->nem.s.fUseRing0Runloop)
1689	{
1690	for (;;)
1691	{
1692	VBOXSTRICTRC rcStrict = VMMR3CallR0EmtFast(pVM, pVCpu, VMMR0_DO_NEM_RUN);
1693	if (RT_SUCCESS(rcStrict))
1694	{
1695	/*
1696	* We deal with VINF_NEM_FLUSH_TLB here, since we're running the risk of
1697	* getting these while we already got another RC (I/O ports).
1698	*/
1699	/* Status codes: */
1700	VBOXSTRICTRC rcPending = pVCpu->nem.s.rcPending;
1701	pVCpu->nem.s.rcPending = VINF_SUCCESS;
1702	if (rcStrict == VINF_NEM_FLUSH_TLB \|\| rcPending == VINF_NEM_FLUSH_TLB)
1703	{
1704	LogFlow(("nemR3NativeRunGC: calling PGMFlushTLB...\n"));
1705	int rc = PGMFlushTLB(pVCpu, CPUMGetGuestCR3(pVCpu), true);
1706	AssertRCReturn(rc, rc);
1707	if (rcStrict == VINF_NEM_FLUSH_TLB)
1708	{
1709	if ( !VM_FF_IS_ANY_SET(pVM, VM_FF_HIGH_PRIORITY_POST_MASK \| VM_FF_HP_R0_PRE_HM_MASK)
1710	&& !VMCPU_FF_IS_ANY_SET(pVCpu, (VMCPU_FF_HIGH_PRIORITY_POST_MASK \| VMCPU_FF_HP_R0_PRE_HM_MASK)
1711	& ~VMCPU_FF_RESUME_GUEST_MASK))
1712	{
1713	VMCPU_FF_CLEAR_MASK(pVCpu, VMCPU_FF_RESUME_GUEST_MASK);
1714	continue;
1715	}
1716	rcStrict = VINF_SUCCESS;
1717	}
1718	}
1719	else
1720	AssertMsg(rcPending == VINF_SUCCESS, ("rcPending=%Rrc\n", VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcPending) ));
1721	}
1722	LogFlow(("nemR3NativeRunGC: returns %Rrc\n", VBOXSTRICTRC_VAL(rcStrict) ));
1723	return rcStrict;
1724	}
1725	}
1726	#endif
1727	return nemHCWinRunGC(pVM, pVCpu, NULL /pGVM/, NULL /pGVCpu/);
1728	}
1729
1730
1731	bool nemR3NativeCanExecuteGuest(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu)
1732	{
1733	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(pVCpu);
1734	return true;
1735	}
1736
1737
1738	bool nemR3NativeSetSingleInstruction(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, bool fEnable)
1739	{
1740	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(pVCpu); NOREF(fEnable);
1741	return false;
1742	}
1743
1744
1745	/**
1746	* Forced flag notification call from VMEmt.h.
1747	*
1748	* This is only called when pVCpu is in the VMCPUSTATE_STARTED_EXEC_NEM state.
1749	*
1750	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1751	* @param pVCpu The cross context virtual CPU structure of the CPU
1752	* to be notified.
1753	* @param fFlags Notification flags, VMNOTIFYFF_FLAGS_XXX.
1754	*/
1755	void nemR3NativeNotifyFF(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, uint32_t fFlags)
1756	{
1757	#ifdef NEM_WIN_USE_OUR_OWN_RUN_API
1758	nemHCWinCancelRunVirtualProcessor(pVM, pVCpu);
1759	#else
1760	# ifdef NEM_WIN_WITH_RING0_RUNLOOP
1761	if (pVM->nem.s.fUseRing0Runloop)
1762	nemHCWinCancelRunVirtualProcessor(pVM, pVCpu);
1763	else
1764	# endif
1765	{
1766	Log8(("nemR3NativeNotifyFF: canceling %u\n", pVCpu->idCpu));
1767	HRESULT hrc = WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, pVCpu->idCpu, 0);
1768	AssertMsg(SUCCEEDED(hrc), ("WHvCancelRunVirtualProcessor -> hrc=%Rhrc\n", hrc));
1769	RT_NOREF_PV(hrc);
1770	}
1771	#endif
1772	RT_NOREF_PV(fFlags);
1773	}
1774
1775
1776	DECLINLINE(int) nemR3NativeGCPhys2R3PtrReadOnly(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, const void **ppv)
1777	{
1778	PGMPAGEMAPLOCK Lock;
1779	int rc = PGMPhysGCPhys2CCPtrReadOnly(pVM, GCPhys, ppv, &Lock);
1780	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1781	PGMPhysReleasePageMappingLock(pVM, &Lock);
1782	return rc;
1783	}
1784
1785
1786	DECLINLINE(int) nemR3NativeGCPhys2R3PtrWriteable(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, void **ppv)
1787	{
1788	PGMPAGEMAPLOCK Lock;
1789	int rc = PGMPhysGCPhys2CCPtr(pVM, GCPhys, ppv, &Lock);
1790	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1791	PGMPhysReleasePageMappingLock(pVM, &Lock);
1792	return rc;
1793	}
1794
1795
1796	int nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRamRegister(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb)
1797	{
1798	Log5(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRamRegister: %RGp LB %RGp\n", GCPhys, cb));
1799	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(GCPhys); NOREF(cb);
1800	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1801	}
1802
1803
1804	int nemR3NativeNotifyPhysMmioExMap(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, uint32_t fFlags, void *pvMmio2)
1805	{
1806	Log5(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysMmioExMap: %RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x pvMmio2=%p\n", GCPhys, cb, fFlags, pvMmio2));
1807	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(GCPhys); NOREF(cb); NOREF(fFlags); NOREF(pvMmio2);
1808	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1809	}
1810
1811
1812	int nemR3NativeNotifyPhysMmioExUnmap(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, uint32_t fFlags)
1813	{
1814	Log5(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysMmioExUnmap: %RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x\n", GCPhys, cb, fFlags));
1815	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(GCPhys); NOREF(cb); NOREF(fFlags);
1816	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1817	}
1818
1819
1820	/**
1821	* Called early during ROM registration, right after the pages have been
1822	* allocated and the RAM range updated.
1823	*
1824	* This will be succeeded by a number of NEMHCNotifyPhysPageProtChanged() calls
1825	* and finally a NEMR3NotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly().
1826	*
1827	* @returns VBox status code
1828	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1829	* @param GCPhys The ROM address (page aligned).
1830	* @param cb The size (page aligned).
1831	* @param fFlags NEM_NOTIFY_PHYS_ROM_F_XXX.
1832	*/
1833	int nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, uint32_t fFlags)
1834	{
1835	Log5(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly: %RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x\n", GCPhys, cb, fFlags));
1836	#if 0 /* Let's not do this after all. We'll protection change notifications for each page and if not we'll map them lazily. */
1837	RTGCPHYS const cPages = cb >> X86_PAGE_SHIFT;
1838	for (RTGCPHYS iPage = 0; iPage < cPages; iPage++, GCPhys += X86_PAGE_SIZE)
1839	{
1840	const void *pvPage;
1841	int rc = nemR3NativeGCPhys2R3PtrReadOnly(pVM, GCPhys, &pvPage);
1842	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1843	{
1844	HRESULT hrc = WHvMapGpaRange(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, (void *)pvPage, GCPhys, X86_PAGE_SIZE,
1845	WHvMapGpaRangeFlagRead \| WHvMapGpaRangeFlagExecute);
1846	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1847	{ /* likely */ }
1848	else
1849	{
1850	LogRel(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly: GCPhys=%RGp hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u\n",
1851	GCPhys, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1852	return VERR_NEM_INIT_FAILED;
1853	}
1854	}
1855	else
1856	{
1857	LogRel(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly: GCPhys=%RGp rc=%Rrc\n", GCPhys, rc));
1858	return rc;
1859	}
1860	}
1861	#else
1862	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(GCPhys); NOREF(cb);
1863	#endif
1864	RT_NOREF_PV(fFlags);
1865	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1866	}
1867
1868
1869	/**
1870	* Called after the ROM range has been fully completed.
1871	*
1872	* This will be preceeded by a NEMR3NotifyPhysRomRegisterEarly() call as well a
1873	* number of NEMHCNotifyPhysPageProtChanged calls.
1874	*
1875	* @returns VBox status code
1876	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1877	* @param GCPhys The ROM address (page aligned).
1878	* @param cb The size (page aligned).
1879	* @param fFlags NEM_NOTIFY_PHYS_ROM_F_XXX.
1880	*/
1881	int nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterLate(PVM pVM, RTGCPHYS GCPhys, RTGCPHYS cb, uint32_t fFlags)
1882	{
1883	Log5(("nemR3NativeNotifyPhysRomRegisterLate: %RGp LB %RGp fFlags=%#x\n", GCPhys, cb, fFlags));
1884	NOREF(pVM); NOREF(GCPhys); NOREF(cb); NOREF(fFlags);
1885	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1886	}
1887
1888
1889	/**
1890	* @callback_method_impl{FNPGMPHYSNEMCHECKPAGE}
1891	*/
1892	static DECLCALLBACK(int) nemR3WinUnsetForA20CheckerCallback(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, RTGCPHYS GCPhys,
1893	PPGMPHYSNEMPAGEINFO pInfo, void *pvUser)
1894	{
1895	/* We'll just unmap the memory. */
1896	if (pInfo->u2NemState > NEM_WIN_PAGE_STATE_UNMAPPED)
1897	{
1898	#ifdef NEM_WIN_USE_HYPERCALLS_FOR_PAGES
1899	int rc = nemHCWinHypercallUnmapPage(pVM, pVCpu, GCPhys);
1900	AssertRC(rc);
1901	if (RT_SUCCESS(rc))
1902	#else
1903	HRESULT hrc = WHvUnmapGpaRange(pVM->nem.s.hPartition, GCPhys, X86_PAGE_SIZE);
1904	if (SUCCEEDED(hrc))
1905	#endif
1906	{
1907	uint32_t cMappedPages = ASMAtomicDecU32(&pVM->nem.s.cMappedPages); NOREF(cMappedPages);
1908	Log5(("NEM GPA unmapped/A20: %RGp (was %s, cMappedPages=%u)\n", GCPhys, g_apszPageStates[pInfo->u2NemState], cMappedPages));
1909	pInfo->u2NemState = NEM_WIN_PAGE_STATE_UNMAPPED;
1910	}
1911	else
1912	{
1913	#ifdef NEM_WIN_USE_HYPERCALLS_FOR_PAGES
1914	LogRel(("nemR3WinUnsetForA20CheckerCallback/unmap: GCPhys=%RGp rc=%Rrc\n", GCPhys, rc));
1915	return rc;
1916	#else
1917	LogRel(("nemR3WinUnsetForA20CheckerCallback/unmap: GCPhys=%RGp hrc=%Rhrc (%#x) Last=%#x/%u\n",
1918	GCPhys, hrc, hrc, RTNtLastStatusValue(), RTNtLastErrorValue()));
1919	return VERR_INTERNAL_ERROR_2;
1920	#endif
1921	}
1922	}
1923	RT_NOREF(pVCpu, pvUser);
1924	return VINF_SUCCESS;
1925	}
1926
1927
1928	/**
1929	* Unmaps a page from Hyper-V for the purpose of emulating A20 gate behavior.
1930	*
1931	* @returns The PGMPhysNemQueryPageInfo result.
1932	* @param pVM The cross context VM structure.
1933	* @param pVCpu The cross context virtual CPU structure.
1934	* @param GCPhys The page to unmap.
1935	*/
1936	static int nemR3WinUnmapPageForA20Gate(PVM pVM, PVMCPU pVCpu, RTGCPHYS GCPhys)
1937	{
1938	PGMPHYSNEMPAGEINFO Info;
1939	return PGMPhysNemPageInfoChecker(pVM, pVCpu, GCPhys, false /fMakeWritable/, &Info,
1940	nemR3WinUnsetForA20CheckerCallback, NULL);
1941	}
1942
1943
1944	/**
1945	* Called when the A20 state changes.
1946	*
1947	* Hyper-V doesn't seem to offer a simple way of implementing the A20 line
1948	* features of PCs. So, we do a very minimal emulation of the HMA to make DOS
1949	* happy.
1950	*
1951	* @param pVCpu The CPU the A20 state changed on.
1952	* @param fEnabled Whether it was enabled (true) or disabled.
1953	*/
1954	void nemR3NativeNotifySetA20(PVMCPU pVCpu, bool fEnabled)
1955	{
1956	Log(("nemR3NativeNotifySetA20: fEnabled=%RTbool\n", fEnabled));
1957	PVM pVM = pVCpu->CTX_SUFF(pVM);
1958	if (!pVM->nem.s.fA20Fixed)
1959	{
1960	pVM->nem.s.fA20Enabled = fEnabled;
1961	for (RTGCPHYS GCPhys = _1M; GCPhys < _1M + _64K; GCPhys += X86_PAGE_SIZE)
1962	nemR3WinUnmapPageForA20Gate(pVM, pVCpu, GCPhys);
1963	}
1964	}
1965
1966
1967	/** @page pg_nem_win NEM/win - Native Execution Manager, Windows.
1968	*
1969	* On Windows the Hyper-V root partition (dom0 in zen terminology) does not have
1970	* nested VT-x or AMD-V capabilities. Early on raw-mode worked inside it, but
1971	* for a while now we've been getting \#GPs when trying to modify CR4 in the
1972	* world switcher. So, when Hyper-V is active on Windows we have little choice
1973	* but to use Hyper-V to run our VMs.
1974	*
1975	*
1976	* @section sub_nem_win_whv The WinHvPlatform API
1977	*
1978	* Since Windows 10 build 17083 there is a documented API for managing Hyper-V
1979	* VMs: header file WinHvPlatform.h and implementation in WinHvPlatform.dll.
1980	* This interface is a wrapper around the undocumented Virtualization
1981	* Infrastructure Driver (VID) API - VID.DLL and VID.SYS. The wrapper is
1982	* written in C++, namespaced, early versions (at least) was using standard C++
1983	* container templates in several places.
1984	*
1985	* When creating a VM using WHvCreatePartition, it will only create the
1986	* WinHvPlatform structures for it, to which you get an abstract pointer. The
1987	* VID API that actually creates the partition is first engaged when you call
1988	* WHvSetupPartition after first setting a lot of properties using
1989	* WHvSetPartitionProperty. Since the VID API is just a very thin wrapper
1990	* around CreateFile and NtDeviceIoControlFile, it returns an actual HANDLE for
1991	* the partition to WinHvPlatform. We fish this HANDLE out of the WinHvPlatform
1992	* partition structures because we need to talk directly to VID for reasons
1993	* we'll get to in a bit. (Btw. we could also intercept the CreateFileW or
1994	* NtDeviceIoControlFile calls from VID.DLL to get the HANDLE should fishing in
1995	* the partition structures become difficult.)
1996	*
1997	* The WinHvPlatform API requires us to both set the number of guest CPUs before
1998	* setting up the partition and call WHvCreateVirtualProcessor for each of them.
1999	* The CPU creation function boils down to a VidMessageSlotMap call that sets up
2000	* and maps a message buffer into ring-3 for async communication with hyper-V
2001	* and/or the VID.SYS thread actually running the CPU thru
2002	* WinHvRunVpDispatchLoop(). When for instance a VMEXIT is encountered, hyper-V
2003	* sends a message that the WHvRunVirtualProcessor API retrieves (and later
2004	* acknowledges) via VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext. Since or about build
2005	* 17757 a register page is also mapped into user space when creating the
2006	* virtual CPU. It should be noteded that WHvDeleteVirtualProcessor doesn't do
2007	* much as there seems to be no partner function VidMessagesSlotMap that
2008	* reverses what it did.
2009	*
2010	* Memory is managed thru calls to WHvMapGpaRange and WHvUnmapGpaRange (GPA does
2011	* not mean grade point average here, but rather guest physical addressspace),
2012	* which corresponds to VidCreateVaGpaRangeSpecifyUserVa and VidDestroyGpaRange
2013	* respectively. As 'UserVa' indicates, the functions works on user process
2014	* memory. The mappings are also subject to quota restrictions, so the number
2015	* of ranges are limited and probably their total size as well. Obviously
2016	* VID.SYS keeps track of the ranges, but so does WinHvPlatform, which means
2017	* there is a bit of overhead involved and quota restrctions makes sense.
2018	*
2019	* Running guest code is done through the WHvRunVirtualProcessor function. It
2020	* asynchronously starts or resumes hyper-V CPU execution and then waits for an
2021	* VMEXIT message. Hyper-V / VID.SYS will return information about the message
2022	* in the message buffer mapping, and WHvRunVirtualProcessor will convert that
2023	* finto it's own WHV_RUN_VP_EXIT_CONTEXT format.
2024	*
2025	* Other threads can interrupt the execution by using WHvCancelVirtualProcessor,
2026	* which since or about build 17757 uses VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext to do
2027	* the work (earlier builds would open the waiting thread, do a dummy
2028	* QueueUserAPC on it, and let it upon return use VidStopVirtualProcessor to
2029	* do the actual stopping). While there is certainly a race between cancelation
2030	* and the CPU causing a natural VMEXIT, it is not known whether this still
2031	* causes extra work on subsequent WHvRunVirtualProcessor calls (it did in and
2032	* earlier 17134).
2033	*
2034	* Registers are retrieved and set via WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters and
2035	* WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters. In addition, several VMEXITs include
2036	* essential register state in the exit context information, potentially making
2037	* it possible to emulate the instruction causing the exit without involving
2038	* WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters.
2039	*
2040	*
2041	* @subsection subsec_nem_win_whv_cons Issues & Feedback
2042	*
2043	* Here are some observations (mostly against build 17101):
2044	*
2045	* - The VMEXIT performance is dismal (build 17134).
2046	*
2047	* Our proof of concept implementation with a kernel runloop (i.e. not using
2048	* WHvRunVirtualProcessor and friends, but calling VID.SYS fast I/O control
2049	* entry point directly) delivers 9-10% of the port I/O performance and only
2050	* 6-7% of the MMIO performance that we have with our own hypervisor.
2051	*
2052	* When using the offical WinHvPlatform API, the numbers are %3 for port I/O
2053	* and 5% for MMIO.
2054	*
2055	* While the tests we've done are using tight tight loops only doing port I/O
2056	* and MMIO, the problem is clearly visible when running regular guest OSes.
2057	* Anything that hammers the VGA device would be suffering, for example:
2058	*
2059	* - Windows 2000 boot screen animation overloads us with MMIO exits
2060	* and won't even boot because all the time is spent in interrupt
2061	* handlers and redrawin the screen.
2062	*
2063	* - DSL 4.4 and its bootmenu logo is slower than molasses in january.
2064	*
2065	* We have not found a workaround for this yet.
2066	*
2067	* Something that might improve the issue a little is to detect blocks with
2068	* excessive MMIO and port I/O exits and emulate instructions to cover
2069	* multiple exits before letting Hyper-V have a go at the guest execution
2070	* again. This will only improve the situation under some circumstances,
2071	* since emulating instructions without recompilation can be expensive, so
2072	* there will only be real gains if the exitting instructions are tightly
2073	* packed.
2074	*
2075	* Update: Security fixes during the summer of 2018 caused the performance to
2076	* dropped even more.
2077	*
2078	* Update [build 17757]: Some performance improvements here, but they don't
2079	* yet make up for what was lost this summer.
2080	*
2081	*
2082	* - We need a way to directly modify the TSC offset (or bias if you like).
2083	*
2084	* The current approach of setting the WHvX64RegisterTsc register one by one
2085	* on each virtual CPU in sequence will introduce random inaccuracies,
2086	* especially if the thread doing the job is reschduled at a bad time.
2087	*
2088	*
2089	* - Unable to access WHvX64RegisterMsrMtrrCap (build 17134).
2090	*
2091	*
2092	* - On AMD Ryzen grub/debian 9.0 ends up with a unrecoverable exception
2093	* when IA32_MTRR_PHYSMASK0 is written.
2094	*
2095	*
2096	* - The IA32_APIC_BASE register does not work right:
2097	*
2098	* - Attempts by the guest to clear bit 11 (EN) are ignored, both the
2099	* guest and the VMM reads back the old value.
2100	*
2101	* - Attempts to modify the base address (bits NN:12) seems to be ignored
2102	* in the same way.
2103	*
2104	* - The VMM can modify both the base address as well as the the EN and
2105	* BSP bits, however this is useless if we cannot intercept the WRMSR.
2106	*
2107	* - Attempts by the guest to set the EXTD bit (X2APIC) result in \#GP(0),
2108	* while the VMM ends up with with ERROR_HV_INVALID_PARAMETER. Seems
2109	* there is no way to support X2APIC.
2110	*
2111	*
2112	* - Not sure if this is a thing, but WHvCancelVirtualProcessor seems to cause
2113	* cause a lot more spurious WHvRunVirtualProcessor returns that what we get
2114	* with the replacement code. By spurious returns we mean that the
2115	* subsequent call to WHvRunVirtualProcessor would return immediately.
2116	*
2117	* Update [build 17757]: New cancelation code might have addressed this, but
2118	* haven't had time to test it yet.
2119	*
2120	*
2121	* - There is no API for modifying protection of a page within a GPA range.
2122	*
2123	* From what we can tell, the only way to modify the protection (like readonly
2124	* -> writable, or vice versa) is to first unmap the range and then remap it
2125	* with the new protection.
2126	*
2127	* We are for instance doing this quite a bit in order to track dirty VRAM
2128	* pages. VRAM pages starts out as readonly, when the guest writes to a page
2129	* we take an exit, notes down which page it is, makes it writable and restart
2130	* the instruction. After refreshing the display, we reset all the writable
2131	* pages to readonly again, bulk fashion.
2132	*
2133	* Now to work around this issue, we do page sized GPA ranges. In addition to
2134	* add a lot of tracking overhead to WinHvPlatform and VID.SYS, this also
2135	* causes us to exceed our quota before we've even mapped a default sized
2136	* (128MB) VRAM page-by-page. So, to work around this quota issue we have to
2137	* lazily map pages and actively restrict the number of mappings.
2138	*
2139	* Our best workaround thus far is bypassing WinHvPlatform and VID entirely
2140	* when in comes to guest memory management and instead use the underlying
2141	* hypercalls (HvCallMapGpaPages, HvCallUnmapGpaPages) to do it ourselves.
2142	* (This also maps a whole lot better into our own guest page management
2143	* infrastructure.)
2144	*
2145	* Update [build 17757]: Introduces a KVM like dirty logging API which could
2146	* help tracking dirty VGA pages, while being useless for shadow ROM and
2147	* devices trying catch the guest updating descriptors and such.
2148	*
2149	*
2150	* - Observed problems doing WHvUnmapGpaRange immediately followed by
2151	* WHvMapGpaRange.
2152	*
2153	* As mentioned above, we've been forced to use this sequence when modifying
2154	* page protection. However, when transitioning from readonly to writable,
2155	* we've ended up looping forever with the same write to readonly memory
2156	* VMEXIT. We're wondering if this issue might be related to the lazy mapping
2157	* logic in WinHvPlatform.
2158	*
2159	* Workaround: Insert a WHvRunVirtualProcessor call and make sure to get a GPA
2160	* unmapped exit between the two calls. Not entirely great performance wise
2161	* (or the santity of our code).
2162	*
2163	*
2164	* - Implementing A20 gate behavior is tedious, where as correctly emulating the
2165	* A20M# pin (present on 486 and later) is near impossible for SMP setups
2166	* (e.g. possiblity of two CPUs with different A20 status).
2167	*
2168	* Workaround: Only do A20 on CPU 0, restricting the emulation to HMA. We
2169	* unmap all pages related to HMA (0x100000..0x10ffff) when the A20 state
2170	* changes, lazily syncing the right pages back when accessed.
2171	*
2172	*
2173	* - WHVRunVirtualProcessor wastes time converting VID/Hyper-V messages to its
2174	* own format (WHV_RUN_VP_EXIT_CONTEXT).
2175	*
2176	* We understand this might be because Microsoft wishes to remain free to
2177	* modify the VID/Hyper-V messages, but it's still rather silly and does slow
2178	* things down a little. We'd much rather just process the messages directly.
2179	*
2180	*
2181	* - WHVRunVirtualProcessor would've benefited from using a callback interface:
2182	*
2183	* - The potential size changes of the exit context structure wouldn't be
2184	* an issue, since the function could manage that itself.
2185	*
2186	* - State handling could probably be simplified (like cancelation).
2187	*
2188	*
2189	* - WHvGetVirtualProcessorRegisters and WHvSetVirtualProcessorRegisters
2190	* internally converts register names, probably using temporary heap buffers.
2191	*
2192	* From the looks of things, they are converting from WHV_REGISTER_NAME to
2193	* HV_REGISTER_NAME from in the "Virtual Processor Register Names" section in
2194	* the "Hypervisor Top-Level Functional Specification" document. This feels
2195	* like an awful waste of time.
2196	*
2197	* We simply cannot understand why HV_REGISTER_NAME isn't used directly here,
2198	* or at least the same values, making any conversion reduntant. Restricting
2199	* access to certain registers could easily be implement by scanning the
2200	* inputs.
2201	*
2202	* To avoid the heap + conversion overhead, we're currently using the
2203	* HvCallGetVpRegisters and HvCallSetVpRegisters calls directly, at least for
2204	* the ring-0 code.
2205	*
2206	* Update [build 17757]: Register translation has been very cleverly
2207	* optimized and made table driven (2 top level tables, 4 + 1 leaf tables).
2208	* Register information consists of the 32-bit HV register name, register page
2209	* offset, and flags (giving valid offset, size and more). Register
2210	* getting/settings seems to be done by hoping that the register page provides
2211	* it all, and falling back on the VidSetVirtualProcessorState if one or more
2212	* registers are not available there.
2213	*
2214	* Note! We have currently not updated our ring-0 code to take the register
2215	* page into account, so it's suffering a little compared to the ring-3 code
2216	* that now uses the offical APIs for registers.
2217	*
2218	*
2219	* - The YMM and XCR0 registers are not yet named (17083). This probably
2220	* wouldn't be a problem if HV_REGISTER_NAME was used, see previous point.
2221	*
2222	* Update [build 17757]: XCR0 is added. YMM register values seems to be put
2223	* into a yet undocumented XsaveState interface. Approach is a little bulky,
2224	* but saves number of enums and dispenses with register transation. Also,
2225	* the underlying Vid setter API duplicates the input buffer on the heap,
2226	* adding a 16 byte header.
2227	*
2228	*
2229	* - Why does VID.SYS only query/set 32 registers at the time thru the
2230	* HvCallGetVpRegisters and HvCallSetVpRegisters hypercalls?
2231	*
2232	* We've not trouble getting/setting all the registers defined by
2233	* WHV_REGISTER_NAME in one hypercall (around 80). Some kind of stack
2234	* buffering or similar?
2235	*
2236	*
2237	* - To handle the VMMCALL / VMCALL instructions, it seems we need to intercept
2238	* \#UD exceptions and inspect the opcodes. A dedicated exit for hypercalls
2239	* would be more efficient, esp. for guests using \#UD for other purposes..
2240	*
2241	*
2242	* - Wrong instruction length in the VpContext with unmapped GPA memory exit
2243	* contexts on 17115/AMD.
2244	*
2245	* One byte "PUSH CS" was reported as 2 bytes, while a two byte
2246	* "MOV [EBX],EAX" was reported with a 1 byte instruction length. Problem
2247	* naturally present in untranslated hyper-v messages.
2248	*
2249	*
2250	* - The I/O port exit context information seems to be missing the address size
2251	* information needed for correct string I/O emulation.
2252	*
2253	* VT-x provides this information in bits 7:9 in the instruction information
2254	* field on newer CPUs. AMD-V in bits 7:9 in the EXITINFO1 field in the VMCB.
2255	*
2256	* We can probably work around this by scanning the instruction bytes for
2257	* address size prefixes. Haven't investigated it any further yet.
2258	*
2259	*
2260	* - Querying WHvCapabilityCodeExceptionExitBitmap returns zero even when
2261	* intercepts demonstrably works (17134).
2262	*
2263	*
2264	* - Querying HvPartitionPropertyDebugChannelId via HvCallGetPartitionProperty
2265	* (hypercall) hangs the host (17134).
2266	*
2267	*
2268	*
2269	* Old concerns that have been addressed:
2270	*
2271	* - The WHvCancelVirtualProcessor API schedules a dummy usermode APC callback
2272	* in order to cancel any current or future alertable wait in VID.SYS during
2273	* the VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext call.
2274	*
2275	* IIRC this will make the kernel schedule the specified callback thru
2276	* NTDLL!KiUserApcDispatcher by modifying the thread context and quite
2277	* possibly the userland thread stack. When the APC callback returns to
2278	* KiUserApcDispatcher, it will call NtContinue to restore the old thread
2279	* context and resume execution from there. This naturally adds up to some
2280	* CPU cycles, ring transitions aren't for free, especially after Spectre &
2281	* Meltdown mitigations.
2282	*
2283	* Using NtAltertThread call could do the same without the thread context
2284	* modifications and the extra kernel call.
2285	*
2286	* Update: All concerns have addressed in or about build 17757.
2287	*
2288	* The WHvCancelVirtualProcessor API is now implemented using a new
2289	* VidMessageSlotHandleAndGetNext() flag (4). Codepath is slightly longer
2290	* than NtAlertThread, but has the added benefit that spurious wakeups can be
2291	* more easily reduced.
2292	*
2293	*
2294	* - When WHvRunVirtualProcessor returns without a message, or on a terse
2295	* VID message like HLT, it will make a kernel call to get some registers.
2296	* This is potentially inefficient if the caller decides he needs more
2297	* register state.
2298	*
2299	* It would be better to just return what's available and let the caller fetch
2300	* what is missing from his point of view in a single kernel call.
2301	*
2302	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in or about build 17757. Selected
2303	* registers are now available via shared memory and thus HLT should (not
2304	* verified) no longer require a system call to compose the exit context data.
2305	*
2306	*
2307	* - The WHvRunVirtualProcessor implementation does lazy GPA range mappings when
2308	* a unmapped GPA message is received from hyper-V.
2309	*
2310	* Since MMIO is currently realized as unmapped GPA, this will slow down all
2311	* MMIO accesses a tiny little bit as WHvRunVirtualProcessor looks up the
2312	* guest physical address to check if it is a pending lazy mapping.
2313	*
2314	* The lazy mapping feature makes no sense to us. We as API user have all the
2315	* information and can do lazy mapping ourselves if we want/have to (see next
2316	* point).
2317	*
2318	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in or about build 17757.
2319	*
2320	*
2321	* - The WHvGetCapability function has a weird design:
2322	* - The CapabilityCode parameter is pointlessly duplicated in the output
2323	* structure (WHV_CAPABILITY).
2324	*
2325	* - API takes void pointer, but everyone will probably be using
2326	* WHV_CAPABILITY due to WHV_CAPABILITY::CapabilityCode making it
2327	* impractical to use anything else.
2328	*
2329	* - No output size.
2330	*
2331	* - See GetFileAttributesEx, GetFileInformationByHandleEx,
2332	* FindFirstFileEx, and others for typical pattern for generic
2333	* information getters.
2334	*
2335	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in build 17110.
2336	*
2337	*
2338	* - The WHvGetPartitionProperty function uses the same weird design as
2339	* WHvGetCapability, see above.
2340	*
2341	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in build 17110.
2342	*
2343	*
2344	* - The WHvSetPartitionProperty function has a totally weird design too:
2345	* - In contrast to its partner WHvGetPartitionProperty, the property code
2346	* is not a separate input parameter here but part of the input
2347	* structure.
2348	*
2349	* - The input structure is a void pointer rather than a pointer to
2350	* WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY which everyone probably will be using because
2351	* of the WHV_PARTITION_PROPERTY::PropertyCode field.
2352	*
2353	* - Really, why use PVOID for the input when the function isn't accepting
2354	* minimal sizes. E.g. WHVPartitionPropertyCodeProcessorClFlushSize only
2355	* requires a 9 byte input, but the function insists on 16 bytes (17083).
2356	*
2357	* - See GetFileAttributesEx, SetFileInformationByHandle, FindFirstFileEx,
2358	* and others for typical pattern for generic information setters and
2359	* getters.
2360	*
2361	* Update: All concerns have been addressed in build 17110.
2362	*
2363	*
2364	*
2365	* @section sec_nem_win_impl Our implementation.
2366	*
2367	* We set out with the goal of wanting to run as much as possible in ring-0,
2368	* reasoning that this would give use the best performance.
2369	*
2370	* This goal was approached gradually, starting out with a pure WinHvPlatform
2371	* implementation, gradually replacing parts: register access, guest memory
2372	* handling, running virtual processors. Then finally moving it all into
2373	* ring-0, while keeping most of it configurable so that we could make
2374	* comparisons (see NEMInternal.h and nemR3NativeRunGC()).
2375	*
2376	*
2377	* @subsection subsect_nem_win_impl_ioctl VID.SYS I/O control calls
2378	*
2379	* To run things in ring-0 we need to talk directly to VID.SYS thru its I/O
2380	* control interface. Looking at changes between like build 17083 and 17101 (if
2381	* memory serves) a set of the VID I/O control numbers shifted a little, which
2382	* means we need to determin them dynamically. We currently do this by hooking
2383	* the NtDeviceIoControlFile API call from VID.DLL and snooping up the
2384	* parameters when making dummy calls to relevant APIs. (We could also
2385	* disassemble the relevant APIs and try fish out the information from that, but
2386	* this is way simpler.)
2387	*
2388	* Issuing I/O control calls from ring-0 is facing a small challenge with
2389	* respect to direct buffering. When using direct buffering the device will
2390	* typically check that the buffer is actually in the user address space range
2391	* and reject kernel addresses. Fortunately, we've got the cross context VM
2392	* structure that is mapped into both kernel and user space, it's also locked
2393	* and safe to access from kernel space. So, we place the I/O control buffers
2394	* in the per-CPU part of it (NEMCPU::uIoCtlBuf) and give the driver the user
2395	* address if direct access buffering or kernel address if not.
2396	*
2397	* The I/O control calls are 'abstracted' in the support driver, see
2398	* SUPR0IoCtlSetupForHandle(), SUPR0IoCtlPerform() and SUPR0IoCtlCleanup().
2399	*
2400	*
2401	* @subsection subsect_nem_win_impl_cpumctx CPUMCTX
2402	*
2403	* Since the CPU state needs to live in Hyper-V when executing, we probably
2404	* should not transfer more than necessary when handling VMEXITs. To help us
2405	* manage this CPUMCTX got a new field CPUMCTX::fExtrn that to indicate which
2406	* part of the state is currently externalized (== in Hyper-V).
2407	*
2408	*
2409	* @subsection sec_nem_win_benchmarks Benchmarks.
2410	*
2411	* @subsubsection subsect_nem_win_benchmarks_bs2t1 17134/2018-06-22: Bootsector2-test1
2412	*
2413	* This is ValidationKit/bootsectors/bootsector2-test1.asm as of 2018-06-22
2414	* (internal r123172) running a the release build of VirtualBox from the same
2415	* source, though with exit optimizations disabled. Host is AMD Threadripper 1950X
2416	* running out an up to date 64-bit Windows 10 build 17134.
2417	*
2418	* The base line column is using the official WinHv API for everything but physical
2419	* memory mapping. The 2nd column is the default NEM/win configuration where we
2420	* put the main execution loop in ring-0, using hypercalls when we can and VID for
2421	* managing execution. The 3rd column is regular VirtualBox using AMD-V directly,
2422	* hyper-V is disabled, main execution loop in ring-0.
2423	*
2424	* @verbatim
2425	TESTING... WinHv API Hypercalls + VID VirtualBox AMD-V
2426	32-bit paged protected mode, CPUID : 108 874 ins/sec 113% / 123 602 1198% / 1 305 113
2427	32-bit pae protected mode, CPUID : 106 722 ins/sec 115% / 122 740 1232% / 1 315 201
2428	64-bit long mode, CPUID : 106 798 ins/sec 114% / 122 111 1198% / 1 280 404
2429	16-bit unpaged protected mode, CPUID : 106 835 ins/sec 114% / 121 994 1216% / 1 299 665
2430	32-bit unpaged protected mode, CPUID : 105 257 ins/sec 115% / 121 772 1235% / 1 300 860
2431	real mode, CPUID : 104 507 ins/sec 116% / 121 800 1228% / 1 283 848
2432	CPUID EAX=1 : PASSED
2433	32-bit paged protected mode, RDTSC : 99 581 834 ins/sec 100% / 100 323 307 93% / 93 473 299
2434	32-bit pae protected mode, RDTSC : 99 620 585 ins/sec 100% / 99 960 952 84% / 83 968 839
2435	64-bit long mode, RDTSC : 100 540 009 ins/sec 100% / 100 946 372 93% / 93 652 826
2436	16-bit unpaged protected mode, RDTSC : 99 688 473 ins/sec 100% / 100 097 751 76% / 76 281 287
2437	32-bit unpaged protected mode, RDTSC : 98 385 857 ins/sec 102% / 100 510 404 94% / 93 379 536
2438	real mode, RDTSC : 100 087 967 ins/sec 101% / 101 386 138 93% / 93 234 999
2439	RDTSC : PASSED
2440	32-bit paged protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 156 102 ins/sec 98% / 2 121 967 17114% / 369 009 009
2441	32-bit pae protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 163 820 ins/sec 98% / 2 133 804 17469% / 377 999 261
2442	64-bit long mode, Read CR4 : 2 164 822 ins/sec 98% / 2 128 698 18875% / 408 619 313
2443	16-bit unpaged protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 162 367 ins/sec 100% / 2 168 508 17132% / 370 477 568
2444	32-bit unpaged protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 163 189 ins/sec 100% / 2 169 808 16768% / 362 734 679
2445	real mode, Read CR4 : 2 162 436 ins/sec 100% / 2 164 914 15551% / 336 288 998
2446	Read CR4 : PASSED
2447	real mode, 32-bit IN : 104 649 ins/sec 118% / 123 513 1028% / 1 075 831
2448	real mode, 32-bit OUT : 107 102 ins/sec 115% / 123 660 982% / 1 052 259
2449	real mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 105 697 ins/sec 98% / 104 471 201% / 213 216
2450	real mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 105 830 ins/sec 98% / 104 598 198% / 210 495
2451	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 104 855 ins/sec 117% / 123 174 1029% / 1 079 591
2452	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 107 529 ins/sec 115% / 124 250 992% / 1 067 053
2453	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 106 337 ins/sec 103% / 109 565 196% / 209 367
2454	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 107 558 ins/sec 100% / 108 237 191% / 206 387
2455	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 106 351 ins/sec 116% / 123 584 1016% / 1 081 325
2456	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 106 424 ins/sec 116% / 124 252 995% / 1 059 408
2457	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 104 035 ins/sec 101% / 105 305 202% / 210 750
2458	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 103 831 ins/sec 102% / 106 919 205% / 213 198
2459	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 103 356 ins/sec 119% / 123 870 1041% / 1 076 463
2460	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 107 177 ins/sec 115% / 124 302 998% / 1 069 655
2461	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 104 491 ins/sec 100% / 104 744 200% / 209 264
2462	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 106 603 ins/sec 97% / 103 849 197% / 210 219
2463	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit IN : 105 923 ins/sec 115% / 122 759 1041% / 1 103 261
2464	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 107 083 ins/sec 117% / 126 057 1024% / 1 096 667
2465	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 106 114 ins/sec 97% / 103 496 199% / 211 312
2466	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 105 675 ins/sec 96% / 102 096 198% / 209 890
2467	64-bit long mode, 32-bit IN : 105 800 ins/sec 113% / 120 006 1013% / 1 072 116
2468	64-bit long mode, 32-bit OUT : 105 635 ins/sec 113% / 120 375 997% / 1 053 655
2469	64-bit long mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 105 274 ins/sec 95% / 100 763 197% / 208 026
2470	64-bit long mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 106 262 ins/sec 94% / 100 749 196% / 209 288
2471	NOP I/O Port Access : PASSED
2472	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read : 57 687 ins/sec 119% / 69 136 1197% / 690 548
2473	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write : 57 957 ins/sec 118% / 68 935 1183% / 685 930
2474	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 57 958 ins/sec 95% / 55 432 276% / 160 505
2475	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 922 ins/sec 100% / 58 340 304% / 176 464
2476	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit read : 57 478 ins/sec 119% / 68 453 1141% / 656 159
2477	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit write : 57 226 ins/sec 118% / 68 097 1157% / 662 504
2478	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 57 582 ins/sec 94% / 54 651 268% / 154 867
2479	32-bit pae protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 697 ins/sec 100% / 57 750 299% / 173 030
2480	64-bit long mode, 32-bit read : 57 128 ins/sec 118% / 67 779 1071% / 611 949
2481	64-bit long mode, 32-bit write : 57 127 ins/sec 118% / 67 632 1084% / 619 395
2482	64-bit long mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 57 181 ins/sec 94% / 54 123 265% / 151 937
2483	64-bit long mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 297 ins/sec 99% / 57 286 294% / 168 694
2484	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit read : 58 827 ins/sec 118% / 69 545 1185% / 697 602
2485	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit write : 58 678 ins/sec 118% / 69 442 1183% / 694 387
2486	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 57 841 ins/sec 96% / 55 730 275% / 159 163
2487	16-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 855 ins/sec 101% / 58 834 304% / 176 169
2488	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit read : 58 063 ins/sec 120% / 69 690 1233% / 716 444
2489	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit write : 57 936 ins/sec 120% / 69 633 1199% / 694 753
2490	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 58 451 ins/sec 96% / 56 183 273% / 159 972
2491	32-bit unpaged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 58 962 ins/sec 99% / 58 955 298% / 175 936
2492	real mode, 32-bit read : 58 571 ins/sec 118% / 69 478 1160% / 679 917
2493	real mode, 32-bit write : 58 418 ins/sec 118% / 69 320 1185% / 692 513
2494	real mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 58 072 ins/sec 96% / 55 751 274% / 159 145
2495	real mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 57 870 ins/sec 101% / 58 755 307% / 178 042
2496	NOP MMIO Access : PASSED
2497	SUCCESS
2498	* @endverbatim
2499	*
2500	* What we see here is:
2501	*
2502	* - The WinHv API approach is 10 to 12 times slower for exits we can
2503	* handle directly in ring-0 in the VBox AMD-V code.
2504	*
2505	* - The WinHv API approach is 2 to 3 times slower for exits we have to
2506	* go to ring-3 to handle with the VBox AMD-V code.
2507	*
2508	* - By using hypercalls and VID.SYS from ring-0 we gain between
2509	* 13% and 20% over the WinHv API on exits handled in ring-0.
2510	*
2511	* - For exits requiring ring-3 handling are between 6% slower and 3% faster
2512	* than the WinHv API.
2513	*
2514	*
2515	* As a side note, it looks like Hyper-V doesn't let the guest read CR4 but
2516	* triggers exits all the time. This isn't all that important these days since
2517	* OSes like Linux cache the CR4 value specifically to avoid these kinds of exits.
2518	*
2519	*
2520	* @subsubsection subsect_nem_win_benchmarks_bs2t1u1 17134/2018-10-02: Bootsector2-test1
2521	*
2522	* Update on 17134. While expectantly testing a couple of newer builds (17758,
2523	* 17763) hoping for some increases in performance, the numbers turned out
2524	* altogether worse than the June test run. So, we went back to the 1803
2525	* (17134) installation, made sure it was fully up to date (as per 2018-10-02)
2526	* and re-tested.
2527	*
2528	* The numbers had somehow turned significantly worse over the last 3-4 months,
2529	* dropping around 70% for the WinHv API test, more for Hypercalls + VID.
2530	*
2531	* @verbatim
2532	TESTING... WinHv API Hypercalls + VID VirtualBox AMD-V *
2533	32-bit paged protected mode, CPUID : 33 270 ins/sec 33 154
2534	real mode, CPUID : 33 534 ins/sec 32 711
2535	[snip]
2536	32-bit paged protected mode, RDTSC : 102 216 011 ins/sec 98 225 419
2537	real mode, RDTSC : 102 492 243 ins/sec 98 225 419
2538	[snip]
2539	32-bit paged protected mode, Read CR4 : 2 096 165 ins/sec 2 123 815
2540	real mode, Read CR4 : 2 081 047 ins/sec 2 075 151
2541	[snip]
2542	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 32 739 ins/sec 33 655
2543	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 32 702 ins/sec 33 777
2544	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 32 579 ins/sec 29 985
2545	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 32 750 ins/sec 29 757
2546	[snip]
2547	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read : 20 042 ins/sec 21 489
2548	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write : 20 036 ins/sec 21 493
2549	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 19 985 ins/sec 19 143
2550	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 19 972 ins/sec 19 595
2551
2552	* @endverbatim
2553	*
2554	* Suspects are security updates and/or microcode updates installed since then.
2555	* Given that the RDTSC and CR4 numbers are reasonably unchanges, it seems that
2556	* the Hyper-V core loop (in hvax64.exe) aren't affected. Our ring-0 runloop
2557	* is equally affected as the ring-3 based runloop, so it cannot be ring
2558	* switching as such (unless the ring-0 loop is borked and we didn't notice yet).
2559	*
2560	* The issue is probably in the thread / process switching area, could be
2561	* something special for hyper-V interrupt delivery or worker thread switching.
2562	*
2563	* Really wish this thread ping-pong going on in VID.SYS could be eliminated!
2564	*
2565	*
2566	* @subsubsection subsect_nem_win_benchmarks_bs2t1u2 17763: Bootsector2-test1
2567	*
2568	* Some preliminary numbers for build 17763 on the 3.4 GHz AMD 1950X, the second
2569	* column will improve we get time to have a look the register page.
2570	*
2571	* There is a 50% performance loss here compared to the June numbers with
2572	* build 17134. The RDTSC numbers hits that it isn't in the Hyper-V core
2573	* (hvax64.exe), but something on the NT side.
2574	*
2575	* Clearing bit 20 in nt!KiSpeculationFeatures speeds things up (i.e. changing
2576	* the dword from 0x00300065 to 0x00200065 in windbg). This is checked by
2577	* nt!KePrepareToDispatchVirtualProcessor, making it a no-op if the flag is
2578	* clear. winhvr!WinHvpVpDispatchLoop call that function before making
2579	* hypercall 0xc2, which presumably does the heavy VCpu lifting in hvcax64.exe.
2580	*
2581	* @verbatim
2582	TESTING... WinHv API Hypercalls + VID clr(bit-20) + WinHv API
2583	32-bit paged protected mode, CPUID : 54 145 ins/sec 51 436 130 076
2584	real mode, CPUID : 54 178 ins/sec 51 713 130 449
2585	[snip]
2586	32-bit paged protected mode, RDTSC : 98 927 639 ins/sec 100 254 552 100 549 882
2587	real mode, RDTSC : 99 601 206 ins/sec 100 886 699 100 470 957
2588	[snip]
2589	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN : 54 621 ins/sec 51 524 128 294
2590	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT : 54 870 ins/sec 51 671 129 397
2591	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit IN-to-ring-3 : 54 624 ins/sec 43 964 127 874
2592	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit OUT-to-ring-3 : 54 803 ins/sec 44 087 129 443
2593	[snip]
2594	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read : 28 230 ins/sec 34 042 48 113
2595	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write : 27 962 ins/sec 34 050 48 069
2596	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit read-to-ring-3 : 27 841 ins/sec 28 397 48 146
2597	32-bit paged protected mode, 32-bit write-to-ring-3 : 27 896 ins/sec 29 455 47 970
2598	* @endverbatim
2599	*
2600	*
2601	* @subsubsection subsect_nem_win_benchmarks_w2k 17134/2018-06-22: Windows 2000 Boot & Shutdown
2602	*
2603	* Timing the startup and automatic shutdown of a Windows 2000 SP4 guest serves
2604	* as a real world benchmark and example of why exit performance is import. When
2605	* Windows 2000 boots up is doing a lot of VGA redrawing of the boot animation,
2606	* which is very costly. Not having installed guest additions leaves it in a VGA
2607	* mode after the bootup sequence is done, keep up the screen access expenses,
2608	* though the graphics driver more economical than the bootvid code.
2609	*
2610	* The VM was configured to automatically logon. A startup script was installed
2611	* to perform the automatic shuting down and powering off the VM (thru
2612	* vts_shutdown.exe -f -p). An offline snapshot of the VM was taken an restored
2613	* before each test run. The test time run time is calculated from the monotonic
2614	* VBox.log timestamps, starting with the state change to 'RUNNING' and stopping
2615	* at 'POWERING_OFF'.
2616	*
2617	* The host OS and VirtualBox build is the same as for the bootsector2-test1
2618	* scenario.
2619	*
2620	* Results:
2621	*
2622	* - WinHv API for all but physical page mappings:
2623	* 32 min 12.19 seconds
2624	*
2625	* - The default NEM/win configuration where we put the main execution loop
2626	* in ring-0, using hypercalls when we can and VID for managing execution:
2627	* 3 min 23.18 seconds
2628	*
2629	* - Regular VirtualBox using AMD-V directly, hyper-V is disabled, main
2630	* execution loop in ring-0:
2631	* 58.09 seconds
2632	*
2633	* - WinHv API with exit history based optimizations:
2634	* 58.66 seconds
2635	*
2636	* - Hypercall + VID.SYS with exit history base optimizations:
2637	* 58.94 seconds
2638	*
2639	* With a well above average machine needing over half an hour for booting a
2640	* nearly 20 year old guest kind of says it all. The 13%-20% exit performance
2641	* increase we get by using hypercalls and VID.SYS directly pays off a lot here.
2642	* The 3m23s is almost acceptable in comparison to the half an hour.
2643	*
2644	* The similarity between the last three results strongly hits at windows 2000
2645	* doing a lot of waiting during boot and shutdown and isn't the best testcase
2646	* once a basic performance level is reached.
2647	*
2648	*
2649	* @subsubsection subsection_iem_win_benchmarks_deb9_nat Debian 9 NAT performance
2650	*
2651	* This benchmark is about network performance over NAT from a 64-bit Debian 9
2652	* VM with a single CPU. For network performance measurements, we use our own
2653	* NetPerf tool (ValidationKit/utils/network/NetPerf.cpp) to measure latency
2654	* and throughput.
2655	*
2656	* The setups, builds and configurations are as in the previous benchmarks
2657	* (release r123172 on 1950X running 64-bit W10/17134 (2016-06-xx). Please note
2658	* that the exit optimizations hasn't yet been in tuned with NetPerf in mind.
2659	*
2660	* The NAT network setup was selected here since it's the default one and the
2661	* slowest one. There is quite a bit of IPC with worker threads and packet
2662	* processing involved.
2663	*
2664	* Latency test is first up. This is a classic back and forth between the two
2665	* NetPerf instances, where the key measurement is the roundrip latency. The
2666	* values here are the lowest result over 3-6 runs.
2667	*
2668	* Against host system:
2669	* - 152 258 ns/roundtrip - 100% - regular VirtualBox SVM
2670	* - 271 059 ns/roundtrip - 178% - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations.
2671	* - 280 149 ns/roundtrip - 184% - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0
2672	* - 317 735 ns/roundtrip - 209% - Win HV API with exit optimizations.
2673	* - 342 440 ns/roundtrip - 225% - Win HV API
2674	*
2675	* Against a remote Windows 10 system over a 10Gbps link:
2676	* - 243 969 ns/roundtrip - 100% - regular VirtualBox SVM
2677	* - 384 427 ns/roundtrip - 158% - Win HV API with exit optimizations.
2678	* - 402 411 ns/roundtrip - 165% - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0
2679	* - 406 313 ns/roundtrip - 167% - Win HV API
2680	* - 413 160 ns/roundtrip - 169% - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations.
2681	*
2682	* What we see here is:
2683	*
2684	* - Consistent and signficant latency increase using Hyper-V compared
2685	* to directly harnessing AMD-V ourselves.
2686	*
2687	* - When talking to the host, it's clear that the hypercalls + VID.SYS
2688	* in ring-0 method pays off.
2689	*
2690	* - When talking to a different host, the numbers are closer and it
2691	* is not longer clear which Hyper-V execution method is better.
2692	*
2693	*
2694	* Throughput benchmarks are performed by one side pushing data full throttle
2695	* for 10 seconds (minus a 1 second at each end of the test), then reversing
2696	* the roles and measuring it in the other direction. The tests ran 3-5 times
2697	* and below are the highest and lowest results in each direction.
2698	*
2699	* Receiving from host system:
2700	* - Regular VirtualBox SVM:
2701	* Max: 96 907 549 bytes/s - 100%
2702	* Min: 86 912 095 bytes/s - 100%
2703	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0:
2704	* Max: 84 036 544 bytes/s - 87%
2705	* Min: 64 978 112 bytes/s - 75%
2706	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations:
2707	* Max: 77 760 699 bytes/s - 80%
2708	* Min: 72 677 171 bytes/s - 84%
2709	* - Win HV API with exit optimizations:
2710	* Max: 64 465 905 bytes/s - 67%
2711	* Min: 62 286 369 bytes/s - 72%
2712	* - Win HV API:
2713	* Max: 62 466 631 bytes/s - 64%
2714	* Min: 61 362 782 bytes/s - 70%
2715	*
2716	* Sending to the host system:
2717	* - Regular VirtualBox SVM:
2718	* Max: 87 728 652 bytes/s - 100%
2719	* Min: 86 923 198 bytes/s - 100%
2720	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0:
2721	* Max: 84 280 749 bytes/s - 96%
2722	* Min: 78 369 842 bytes/s - 90%
2723	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations:
2724	* Max: 84 119 932 bytes/s - 96%
2725	* Min: 77 396 811 bytes/s - 89%
2726	* - Win HV API:
2727	* Max: 81 714 377 bytes/s - 93%
2728	* Min: 78 697 419 bytes/s - 91%
2729	* - Win HV API with exit optimizations:
2730	* Max: 80 502 488 bytes/s - 91%
2731	* Min: 71 164 978 bytes/s - 82%
2732	*
2733	* Receiving from a remote Windows 10 system over a 10Gbps link:
2734	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0:
2735	* Max: 115 346 922 bytes/s - 136%
2736	* Min: 112 912 035 bytes/s - 137%
2737	* - Regular VirtualBox SVM:
2738	* Max: 84 517 504 bytes/s - 100%
2739	* Min: 82 597 049 bytes/s - 100%
2740	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations:
2741	* Max: 77 736 251 bytes/s - 92%
2742	* Min: 73 813 784 bytes/s - 89%
2743	* - Win HV API with exit optimizations:
2744	* Max: 63 035 587 bytes/s - 75%
2745	* Min: 57 538 380 bytes/s - 70%
2746	* - Win HV API:
2747	* Max: 62 279 185 bytes/s - 74%
2748	* Min: 56 813 866 bytes/s - 69%
2749	*
2750	* Sending to a remote Windows 10 system over a 10Gbps link:
2751	* - Win HV API with exit optimizations:
2752	* Max: 116 502 357 bytes/s - 103%
2753	* Min: 49 046 550 bytes/s - 59%
2754	* - Regular VirtualBox SVM:
2755	* Max: 113 030 991 bytes/s - 100%
2756	* Min: 83 059 511 bytes/s - 100%
2757	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0:
2758	* Max: 106 435 031 bytes/s - 94%
2759	* Min: 47 253 510 bytes/s - 57%
2760	* - Hypercalls + VID.SYS in ring-0 with exit optimizations:
2761	* Max: 94 842 287 bytes/s - 84%
2762	* Min: 68 362 172 bytes/s - 82%
2763	* - Win HV API:
2764	* Max: 65 165 225 bytes/s - 58%
2765	* Min: 47 246 573 bytes/s - 57%
2766	*
2767	* What we see here is:
2768	*
2769	* - Again consistent numbers when talking to the host. Showing that the
2770	* ring-0 approach is preferable to the ring-3 one.
2771	*
2772	* - Again when talking to a remote host, things get more difficult to
2773	* make sense of. The spread is larger and direct AMD-V gets beaten by
2774	* a different the Hyper-V approaches in each direction.
2775	*
2776	* - However, if we treat the first entry (remote host) as weird spikes, the
2777	* other entries are consistently worse compared to direct AMD-V. For the
2778	* send case we get really bad results for WinHV.
2779	*
2780	*/
2781

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