| 1 | <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE topic PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DITA Topic//EN" "topic.dtd">
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| 3 | <topic xml:lang="en-us" id="natforward">
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| 4 | <title>Configuring Port Forwarding with NAT</title>
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| 5 |
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| 6 | <body>
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| 7 | <p>
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| 8 | As the virtual machine is connected to a private network
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| 9 | internal to Oracle VM VirtualBox and invisible to the host, network
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| 10 | services on the guest are not accessible to the host machine or
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| 11 | to other computers on the same network. However, like a physical
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| 12 | router, Oracle VM VirtualBox can make selected services available to
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| 13 | the world outside the guest through <i>port
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| 14 | forwarding</i>. This means that Oracle VM VirtualBox listens to
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| 15 | certain ports on the host and resends all packets which arrive
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| 16 | there to the guest, on the same or a different port.
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| 17 | </p>
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| 18 | <p>
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| 19 | To an application on the host or other physical or virtual
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| 20 | machines on the network, it looks as though the service being
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| 21 | proxied is actually running on the host. This also means that
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| 22 | you cannot run the same service on the same ports on the host.
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| 23 | However, you still gain the advantages of running the service in
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| 24 | a virtual machine. For example, services on the host machine or
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| 25 | on other virtual machines cannot be compromised or crashed by a
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| 26 | vulnerability or a bug in the service, and the service can run
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| 27 | in a different operating system than the host system.
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| 28 | </p>
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| 29 | <p>
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| 30 | To configure port forwarding you can use the graphical
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| 31 | <b outputclass="bold">Port Forwarding</b> editor which
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| 32 | can be found in the <b outputclass="bold">Network</b>
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| 33 | settings dialog for network adaptors configured to use NAT.
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| 34 | Here, you can map host ports to guest ports to allow network
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| 35 | traffic to be routed to a specific port in the guest.
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| 36 | </p>
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| 37 | <p>
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| 38 | Alternatively, the command line tool
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| 39 | <userinput>VBoxManage</userinput> can be used. See
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| 40 | <xref href="vboxmanage-modifyvm.dita"/>.
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| 41 | </p>
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| 42 | <p>
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| 43 | You will need to know which ports on the guest the service uses
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| 44 | and to decide which ports to use on the host. You may want to
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| 45 | use the same ports on the guest and on the host. You can use any
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| 46 | ports on the host which are not already in use by a service. For
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| 47 | example, to set up incoming NAT connections to an
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| 48 | <userinput>ssh</userinput> server in the guest, use the following
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| 49 | command:
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| 50 | </p>
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| 51 | <pre xml:space="preserve">VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --nat-pf1 "guestssh,tcp,,2222,,22"</pre>
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| 52 | <p>
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| 53 | In the above example, all TCP traffic arriving on port 2222 on
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| 54 | any host interface will be forwarded to port 22 in the guest.
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| 55 | The protocol name <codeph>tcp</codeph> is a mandatory
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| 56 | attribute defining which protocol should be used for forwarding,
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| 57 | <codeph>udp</codeph> could also be used. The name
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| 58 | <codeph>guestssh</codeph> is purely descriptive and will be
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| 59 | auto-generated if omitted. The number after
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| 60 | <codeph>--nat-pf</codeph> denotes the network card, as with
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| 61 | other <userinput>VBoxManage</userinput> commands.
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| 62 | </p>
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| 63 | <p>
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| 64 | To remove this forwarding rule, use the following command:
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| 65 | </p>
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| 66 | <pre xml:space="preserve">VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 delete "guestssh"</pre>
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| 67 | <p>
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| 68 | If for some reason the guest uses a static assigned IP address
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| 69 | not leased from the built-in DHCP server, it is required to
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| 70 | specify the guest IP when registering the forwarding rule, as
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| 71 | follows:
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| 72 | </p>
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| 73 | <pre xml:space="preserve">VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "guestssh,tcp,,2222,10.0.2.19,22"</pre>
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| 74 | <p>
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| 75 | This example is identical to the previous one, except that the
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| 76 | NAT engine is being told that the guest can be found at the
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| 77 | 10.0.2.19 address.
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| 78 | </p>
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| 79 | <p>
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| 80 | To forward <i>all</i> incoming traffic from a
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| 81 | specific host interface to the guest, specify the IP of that
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| 82 | host interface as follows:
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| 83 | </p>
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| 84 | <pre xml:space="preserve">VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --natpf1 "guestssh,tcp,127.0.0.1,2222,,22"</pre>
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| 85 | <p>
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| 86 | This example forwards all TCP traffic arriving on the localhost
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| 87 | interface at 127.0.0.1 through port 2222 to port 22 in the
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| 88 | guest.
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| 89 | </p>
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| 90 | <p>
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| 91 | It is possible to configure incoming NAT connections while the
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| 92 | VM is running, see <xref href="vboxmanage-controlvm.dita"/>.
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| 93 | </p>
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| 94 | </body>
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| 95 |
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| 96 | </topic>
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